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arXiv:1112.1835 · Physical Review B

Spontaneous emission from large quantum dots in nanostructures: Exciton-photon interaction beyond the dipole approximation

Søren Stobbe, Philip Trøst Kristensen, J. E. Mortensen, J. M. Hvam, Jesper Mørk, Peter Lodahl

Published Aug 8, 2012• 68 citations
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Abstract

We derive a rigorous theory of the interaction between photons and spatially extended excitons confined in quantum dots in inhomogeneous photonic materials. We show that beyond the dipole approximation, the radiative decay rate is proportional to a nonlocal interaction function, which describes the interaction between light and spatially extended excitons. In this regime, light and matter degrees of freedom cannot be separated and a complex interplay between the nanostructured optical environment and the exciton envelope function emerges. We illustrate this by specific examples and derive a series of important analytical relations, which are useful for applying the formalism to practical problems. In the dipole limit, the decay rate is proportional to the projected local density of optical states, and we obtain the strong and weak confinement regimes as special cases.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.86.085304

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We investigate spontaneous emission from excitons in quantum dots beyond the dipole approximation and show how the symmetry of the exciton wavefunction plays a crucial role. We show explicitly that for spherically symmetric excitons, the Purcell effect is independent of the exciton size and is governed by the local density of optical states at the center of the exciton only, which is identical to the result derived with the dipole approximation. This surprising result is a spontaneous emission counterpart to the shell theorem of classical mechanics and electrostatics and provides new insights to the physics of mesoscopic emitters as well as great simplifications in practical calculations.
The photonic environment can significantly influence emission properties and interactions among atomic systems. In such scenarios, frequently the electric dipole approximation is assumed that is justified as long as the spatial extent of the atomic system is negligible compared to the spatial variations of the field. While this holds true for many canonical systems, it ceases to be applicable for more contemporary nanophotonic structures. To go beyond the electric dipole approximation, we propose and develop in this article an analytical framework to describe the impact of the photonic environment on emission and interaction properties of atomic systems beyond the electric dipole approximation. Particularly, we retain explicitly magnetic dipolar and electric quadrupolar contributions to the light-matter interactions. We exploit a field quantization scheme based on electromagnetic Green's tensors, suited for dispersive materials. We obtain expressions for spontaneous emission rate, Lamb shift, multipole-multipole shift and superradiance rate, all being modified with dispersive environment. The considered influence could be substantial for suitably tailored nanostructured photonic environments, as demonstrated exemplarily.
The photonic environment can significantly influence emission properties and interactions among atomic systems. In such scenarios, frequently the electric dipole approximation is assumed that is justified as long as the spatial extent of the atomic system is negligible compared to the spatial variations of the field. While this holds true for many canonical systems, it ceases to be applicable for more contemporary nanophotonic structures. To go beyond the electric dipole approximation, we propose and develop in this article an analytical framework to describe the impact of the photonic environment on emission and interaction properties of atomic systems beyond the electric dipole approximation. Particularly, we retain explicitly magnetic dipolar and electric quadrupolar contributions to the light-matter interactions. We exploit a field quantization scheme based on electromagnetic Green’s tensors, suited for dispersive materials. We obtain expressions for spontaneous emission rate, Lamb shift, multipole-multipole shift and superradiance rate, all being modified with dispersive environment. The considered influence could be substantial for suitably tailored nanostructured photonic environments, as demonstrated exemplarily.