Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1111.0076 · Physica Scripta

An exact solution to the extended Hubbard model in 2D for finite size system

S Harir, Mohamed Bennai, Y. Boughaleb

Published Jul 25, 2008• 4 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

An exact analytical diagonalization is used to solve the two-dimensional extended Hubbard model (EHM) for a system with finite size. We have considered an EHM including on-site and off-site interactions with interaction energies U and V , respectively, for a square lattice containing 4 × 4 sites at one-eighth filling with periodic boundary conditions, recently treated by Kovacs and Gulacsi (2006 Phil. Mag. 86 2073). Taking into account the symmetric properties of this square lattice and using a translation linear operator, we have constructed a r-space basis only with 85 state-vectors which describe all possible distributions for four electrons in the 4 × 4 square lattice. The diagonalization of the 85 × 85 matrix energy allows us to study the local properties of the above system as a function of the on-site and off-site interactions energies, where we have shown that the off-site interaction encourages the existence of the double occupancies at the first excited state and induces a supplementary conductivity of the system.

DOI
10.1088/0031-8949/78/02/025701

Related papers

Ground State Energy of 2d Extended Hubbard Model for Finite Size System with AN Exact Diagonalization

Coden Fizae, Said Harir, Mohamed Bennai +1 more

Using an exact analytical diagonalization for an extended Hubbard model, we study the first nearest-neighbour repulsion effect on the behaviour of a two-dimensional system of finite size at low density of electrons. The obtained results show that the introduction of the nearest-neighbour off-site interaction allows the correlation effects to become more remarkable and to play an essential role in the electron dynamics, and this off-site interaction encourages the formation of double occupancies.

FizA•Jan 1, 2008•0 citations

Exact ground states for the four-electron problem in a two-dimensional finite Hubbard square system

E. Kovács, Zsolt Gulácsi

We present exact explicit analytical results describing the exact ground state of four electrons in a two-dimensional square Hubbard cluster containing 16 sites taken with periodic boundary conditions. The presented procedure, which works for arbitrary even particle number and lattice sites, is based on explicitly given symmetry adapted base vectors constructed in r space. The Hamiltonian acting on these states generates a closed system of 85 linear equations, providing by its minimum eigenvalue, the exact ground state of the system. The presented results, described with the aim to generate further creative developments, not only show how the ground state can be exactly obtained and what kind of contributions enter in its construction, but also emphasize further characteristics of the spectrum. On this line (i) possible explications are found regarding why weak coupling expansions often provide a good approximation for the Hubbard model at intermediate couplings, or (ii) explicitly given low-lying energy states of the kinetic energy, avoiding double occupancy, suggest new roots for pairing mechanism attracting decrease in the kinetic energy, as emphasized by kinetic energy driven superconductivity theories.

arXiv:cond-mat/0604319•The Philosophical Magazine A Journal of Theoretical Experimental and Applied Physics•Apr 28, 2006•5 citations

Exact diagonalization study of optical conductivity in the two-dimensional Hubbard model

Takami Tohyama, Y. Inoue, K. Tsutsui +1 more

The optical conductivity $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ in the two-dimensional Hubbard model is examined by applying the exact diagonalization technique to small square clusters with periodic boundary conditions up to $\sqrt{20}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{20}$ sites. Spectral-weight distributions at half-filling and their doping dependence in the 20-site cluster are found to be similar to those in a $\sqrt{18}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{18}$ cluster, but different from $4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4$ results. The results for the 20-site cluster enable us to perform a systematic study of the doping dependence of the spectral-weight transfer from the region of the Mott-gap excitation to lower-energy regions. We discuss the dependence of the Drude weight and the effective carrier number on the electron density at a large on-site Coulomb interaction.

arXiv:cond-mat/0505404•Physical Review B•Jul 11, 2005•37 citations

GROUND STATE OF THE 2D EXTENDED HUBBARD MODEL WITH MORE THAN NEAREST-NEIGHBOR INTERACTIONS

Said Harir, Mohamed Bennai, Y. Boughaleb

We investigate the ground state phase diagram of the two dimensional Extended Hubbard Model (EHM) with more than Nearest-Neighbor (NN) interactions for finite size system at low concentration. This EHM is solved analytically for finite square lattice at one-eighth filling. All eigenvalues and eigenvectors are given as a function of the on-site repulsion energy U and the off-site interaction energy Vij. The behavior of the ground state energy exhibits the emergence of phase diagram. The obtained results clearly underline that interactions exceeding NN distances in range can significantly influence the emergence of the ground state conductor–insulator transition.

International Journal of Modern Physics B•Sep 27, 2012•5 citations

Ground state of the strong-coupling Hubbard Hamiltonian: A numerical diagonalization study

Efthimios Kaxiras, Efstratios Manousakis

We exactly diagonalize the effective Hamiltonian obtained from the Hubbard model in the strong-coupling limit for a two-dimensional $\sqrt{10}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{10}$ size square lattice. The effective Hamiltonian operates on a restricted Hilbert space containing only states with singly occupied sites, which makes the diagonalization possible within reasonable computational time for the above lattice. The ground-state energy and wave function are obtained for several values of the coupling ratio $\frac{t}{U}$ and the doping fraction $x$. We find three different phases in the ($x,\frac{t}{U}$) phase diagram. The first is characterized by antiferromagnetic order which extends to the longest possible distance in the 10-site system. The second and third phases are characterized by antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic short-range correlations, respectively. We comment on the possible relevance of the results to the recently discovered high-temperature copper-oxide superconductors.

Physical review. B, Condensed matter•Jan 1, 1988•53 citations

Small-cluster calculations for the simple and extended Hubbard models

J. Callaway, D. P. Chen, D. G. Kanhere +1 more

The single-band Hubbard model (both with and without first-neighbor interactions) is studied by exact diagonalization on several one- and two-dimensional clusters, ranging from four to nine sites, including rings and arrangements of squares. Occupancies include the half-filled band (one electron per site) and configurations with one and two holes in the half-filled band. Ground-state properties are determined for a wide range of parameters. We discuss the phase diagram in the (U,V) plane and consider spin, charge, and pairing correlations. The binding of a pair of holes is investigated. Circumstances in which binding and pairing are enhanced by first-neighbor interactions are described.

Physical review. B, Condensed matter•Jul 1, 1990•41 citations
An exact analytical diagonalization is used to solve the two-dimensional extended Hubbard model (EHM) for a system with finite size. We have considered an EHM including on-site and off-site interactions with interaction energies U and V , respectively, for a square lattice containing 4 × 4 sites at one-eighth filling with periodic boundary conditions, recently treated by Kovacs and Gulacsi (2006 Phil. Mag. 86 2073). Taking into account the symmetric properties of this square lattice and using a translation linear operator, we have constructed a r-space basis only with 85 state-vectors which describe all possible distributions for four electrons in the 4 × 4 square lattice. The diagonalization of the 85 × 85 matrix energy allows us to study the local properties of the above system as a function of the on-site and off-site interactions energies, where we have shown that the off-site interaction encourages the existence of the double occupancies at the first excited state and induces a supplementary conductivity of the system.
We present exact explicit analytical results describing the exact ground state of four electrons in a two-dimensional square Hubbard cluster containing 16 sites taken with periodic boundary conditions. The presented procedure, which works for arbitrary even particle number and lattice sites, is based on explicitly given symmetry adapted base vectors constructed in r space. The Hamiltonian acting on these states generates a closed system of 85 linear equations, providing by its minimum eigenvalue, the exact ground state of the system. The presented results, described with the aim to generate further creative developments, not only show how the ground state can be exactly obtained and what kind of contributions enter in its construction, but also emphasize further characteristics of the spectrum. On this line (i) possible explications are found regarding why weak coupling expansions often provide a good approximation for the Hubbard model at intermediate couplings, or (ii) explicitly given low-lying energy states of the kinetic energy, avoiding double occupancy, suggest new roots for pairing mechanism attracting decrease in the kinetic energy, as emphasized by kinetic energy driven superconductivity theories.
The optical conductivity $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ in the two-dimensional Hubbard model is examined by applying the exact diagonalization technique to small square clusters with periodic boundary conditions up to $\sqrt{20}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{20}$ sites. Spectral-weight distributions at half-filling and their doping dependence in the 20-site cluster are found to be similar to those in a $\sqrt{18}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{18}$ cluster, but different from $4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4$ results. The results for the 20-site cluster enable us to perform a systematic study of the doping dependence of the spectral-weight transfer from the region of the Mott-gap excitation to lower-energy regions. We discuss the dependence of the Drude weight and the effective carrier number on the electron density at a large on-site Coulomb interaction.
We investigate the ground state phase diagram of the two dimensional Extended Hubbard Model (EHM) with more than Nearest-Neighbor (NN) interactions for finite size system at low concentration. This EHM is solved analytically for finite square lattice at one-eighth filling. All eigenvalues and eigenvectors are given as a function of the on-site repulsion energy U and the off-site interaction energy Vij. The behavior of the ground state energy exhibits the emergence of phase diagram. The obtained results clearly underline that interactions exceeding NN distances in range can significantly influence the emergence of the ground state conductor–insulator transition.
We exactly diagonalize the effective Hamiltonian obtained from the Hubbard model in the strong-coupling limit for a two-dimensional $\sqrt{10}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{10}$ size square lattice. The effective Hamiltonian operates on a restricted Hilbert space containing only states with singly occupied sites, which makes the diagonalization possible within reasonable computational time for the above lattice. The ground-state energy and wave function are obtained for several values of the coupling ratio tU\frac{t}{U}Ut​ and the doping fraction xxx. We find three different phases in the (x,tUx,\frac{t}{U}x,Ut​) phase diagram. The first is characterized by antiferromagnetic order which extends to the longest possible distance in the 10-site system. The second and third phases are characterized by antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic short-range correlations, respectively. We comment on the possible relevance of the results to the recently discovered high-temperature copper-oxide superconductors.
The single-band Hubbard model (both with and without first-neighbor interactions) is studied by exact diagonalization on several one- and two-dimensional clusters, ranging from four to nine sites, including rings and arrangements of squares. Occupancies include the half-filled band (one electron per site) and configurations with one and two holes in the half-filled band. Ground-state properties are determined for a wide range of parameters. We discuss the phase diagram in the (U,V) plane and consider spin, charge, and pairing correlations. The binding of a pair of holes is investigated. Circumstances in which binding and pairing are enhanced by first-neighbor interactions are described.