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arXiv:1110.4596 · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical

Co-ideal quantum affine algebra and boundary scattering of the deformed Hubbard chain

Marius de Leeuw, Takuya Matsumoto, Vidas Regelskis

Published Jan 19, 2012• 6 citations
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Abstract

We consider boundary scattering for a semi-infinite one-dimensional deformed Hubbard chain with boundary conditions of the same type as for the Y = 0 giant graviton in the AdS/CFT correspondence. We show that the recently constructed quantum affine algebra of the deformed Hubbard chain has a co-ideal subalgebra which is consistent with the reflection (boundary Yang–Baxter) equation. We derive the corresponding reflection matrix and furthermore show that the aforementioned algebra in the rational limit specializes to the (generalized) twisted Yangian of the Y = 0 giant graviton.

DOI
10.1088/1751-8113/45/6/065205

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We consider boundary scattering for a semi-infinite one-dimensional deformed Hubbard chain with boundary conditions of the same type as for the Y = 0 giant graviton in the AdS/CFT correspondence. We show that the recently constructed quantum affine algebra of the deformed Hubbard chain has a co-ideal subalgebra which is consistent with the reflection (boundary Yang–Baxter) equation. We derive the corresponding reflection matrix and furthermore show that the aforementioned algebra in the rational limit specializes to the (generalized) twisted Yangian of the Y = 0 giant graviton.
The integrable structure of the one-dimensional Hubbard model is based on Shastry's R -matrix and the Yangian of a centrally extended superalgebra. Alcaraz and Bariev have shown that the model admits an integrable deformation whose R -matrix has recently been found. This R -matrix is of trigonometric type and here we derive its underlying exceptional quantum affine algebra. We also show how the algebra reduces to the above-mentioned Yangian and to the conventional quantum affine algebra in two special limits.
It is well known that integrable models associated to rational R matrices give rise to certain non-Abelian symmetries known as Yangians. Analogously boundary symmetries arise when general but still integrable boundary conditions are implemented, as originally argued by Delius, Mackay, and Short from the field theory point of view, in the context of the principal chiral model on the half-line. In the present study we deal with a discrete quantum mechanical system with boundaries, that is the N site gl(n) open quantum spin chain. In particular, the open spin chain with two distinct types of boundary condition known as soliton preserving and soliton nonpreserving is considered. For both types of boundaries we present a unified framework for deriving the corresponding boundary nonlocal charges directly at the quantum level. The nonlocal charges are simply coproduct realizations of particular boundary quantum algebras called boundary or twisted Yangians, depending on the choice of boundary conditions. Finally, with the help of linear intertwining relations between the solutions of the reflection equation and the generators of the boundary or twisted Yangians we are able to exhibit the exact symmetry of the open spin chain, namely we show that a number of the boundary nonlocal charges are in fact conserved quantities.
Abstract One of the features of Baxter’s Q-operators for many closed spin chain models is that all transfer matrices arise as products of two Q-operators with shifts in the spectral parameter. In the representation-theoretical approach to Q-operators, underlying this is a factorization formula for L-operators (solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation associated to particular infinite-dimensional representations). To extend such a formalism to open spin chains, one needs a factorization identity for solutions of the reflection equation (boundary Yang–Baxter equation) associated to these representations. In the case of quantum affine sl2\mathfrak {sl}_2sl2​ sl 2 and diagonal K-matrices, we derive such an identity using the recently formulated theory of universal K-matrices for quantum affine algebras.
It is known that integrable models associated to rational R matrices give rise to certain non-abelian symmetries known as Yangians. Analogously ‘boundary ’ symmetries arise when general but still integrable boundary conditions are implemented, as originally argued by Delius, Mackay and Short from the field theory point of view, in the context of the principal chiral model on the half line. In the present study we deal with a discrete quantum mechanical system with boundaries, that is the N site gl(n) open quantum spin chain. In particular, the open spin chain with two distinct types of boundary condition known as soliton preserving and soliton non-preserving is considered. For both types of boundaries we present a unified framework for deriving the corresponding boundary non-local charges directly at the quantum level. The non-local charges are simply coproduct realizations of particular boundary quantum algebras called ‘boundary ’ or twisted Yangians, depending on the choice of boundary conditions. Finally, with the help of linear intertwining relations between the solutions of the reflection equation and the generators of the boundary or twisted Yangians we are able to exhibit the symmetry of the open spin chain, namely we show that a number of the boundary non-local charges are in fact conserved quantities.
The centrally extended superalgebra was shown to play an important role for the integrable structures of the one-dimensional Hubbard model and of the planar AdS/CFT correspondence. Here we consider its quantum deformation and derive the fundamental R -matrix. From the latter we deduce an integrable spin-chain Hamiltonian with three independent parameters and the corresponding Bethe equations to describe the spectrum on periodic chains. We relate our Hamiltonian to a two-parametric Hamiltonian proposed by Alcaraz and Bariev which can be considered a quantum deformation of the one-dimensional Hubbard model.
Some special solutions to the reflection equation are considered. These boundary matrices are defined on the common quantum space with the other operators in the chain. The relations with the Drinfeld twist are discussed. PACS: 02.90.+p, 03.20.+i,03.65.Fd, 11.30.-j 0 1 On a covariance property of the reflection equation Let the operator-valued function R(u) : C → Aut(V ⊗ V) be a solution to the quantum Yang-Baxter equation [1] in a finite-dimensional linear space V. Let us connect with a given matrix R(u) two associative algebras TR and UR generated by noncommutative entries of the square matrices T(u) and K(u) satisfying the fundamental commutator relation [1, 2] or the reflection equation [3, 4] R12(u − v) 1