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arXiv:1109.4328

Deepening the vector coherent state analysis: Revisiting the harmonic oscillator

Isiaka Aremua, Joseph Ben Geloun, Mahouton Norbert Hounkonnou

Published Sep 20, 2011• 1 citation
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Abstract

Vector coherent states (VCS) viewed as a generalization of ordinary coherent states for higher rank tensor Hilbert spaces are investigated. We consider a systematic way of generating classes of VCS which are solvable (i.e., in the present context, normalizable states satisfying a resolution of the identity) on the Hilbert space of 2D and 3D harmonic oscillators. Thanks to the type of construction, these VCS are classified according to specific criteria. Furthermore, in many cases, the found classes of VCS are continuously deformable one onto another, still remaining solvable.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1109.4328

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Vector coherent states (VCS) viewed as a generalization of ordinary coherent states for higher rank tensor Hilbert spaces are investigated. We consider a systematic way of generating classes of VCS which are solvable (i.e., in the present context, normalizable states satisfying a resolution of the identity) on the Hilbert space of 2D and 3D harmonic oscillators. Thanks to the type of construction, these VCS are classified according to specific criteria. Furthermore, in many cases, the found classes of VCS are continuously deformable one onto another, still remaining solvable.
As a substantial generalization of the technique for constructing canonical and the related nonlinear and q -deformed coherent states, we present here a method for constructing vector coherent states (VCS) in the same spirit. These VCS may have a finite or an infinite number of components. The resulting formalism, which involves an assumption on the existence of a resolution of the identity, is broad enough to include all the definitions of coherent states existing in the current literature, subject to this restriction. As examples, we first apply the technique to construct VCS using the Plancherel isometry for groups and VCS associated with Clifford algebras, in particular quaternions. As physical examples, we discuss VCS for a quantum optical model and finally apply the general technique to build VCS over certain matrix domains.
We construct the coherent states of a free particle by implementing a coordinate transformation in the extended configuration space, which establishes a correspondence between the solutions of the Schrödinger equation for a harmonic oscillator and those for a free particle. Using this framework, we derive analytical expressions for the coherent states of a free particle, avoiding the complexities of non-normalizable fiducial states, integrals of motion, or group-theoretic approaches. Our method provides a systematic way to characterize these states at any instant while ensuring that they satisfy the Robertson-Schrödinger uncertainty relation.
In this Chapter we study the Weyl–Heisenberg group in the Schrödinger representation in arbitrary dimension n. One shows that it operates in the Hilbert space of quantum states (and on quantum operators) as a phase-space translation. Then applying it to a Schwartz class state of arbitrary profile we get a set of generalized coherent states. When we apply the Weyl–Heisenberg translation operator to the ground state of the n-dimensional Harmonic Oscillator, one gets the standard coherent states introduced by Schrödinger [233] (Naturwissenshaften 14:664–666, 1926) in the early days of quantum mechanics (1926). Later the coherent states have been extensively studied by Glauber [118, 119] (Phys. Rev. 131:2766–2788, 1963; Phys. Rev. 130:2529–2539, 1963) for the purpose of quantum optics and it seems that their name comes back to this work. The standard coherent states have been generalized by Perelomov [208] (Generalised Coherent States and Their Applications, 1986) to more general Lie groups than the Weyl–Heisenberg group. We also introduce the usual creation and annihilation operators in dimension n which are very convenient for the study of coherent states. We show that coherent states constitute a non-orthogonal over-complete system which yields a resolution of the identity operator in the Hilbert space and which allows a computation of the Hilbert–Schmidt norm and of the trace of respectively Hilbert–Schmidt class and trace-class operators. We study their time-evolution for the quantum Harmonic Oscillator hamiltonian and show that a time evolved coherent state located around phase-space point z is up to a phase a coherent state located around the phase-space point ztz_tzt​, where ztz_tzt​ is the phase-space point of the classical flow governed by the Harmonic Oscillator. This property was described by Schrödinger as the non-spreading of the time evolution of coherent states under the quantum Harmonic Oscillator dynamics. We also show how to go from the Schrödinger to the Fock–Bargmann representation using the standard coherent states.
Canonical coherent states can be written as infinite series in powers of a single complex number z and a positive integer ρ( m ). The requirement that these states realize a resolution of the identity typically results in a moment problem, where the moments form the positive sequence of real numbers {ρ( m )} ∞ m =0 . In this paper we obtain new classes of vector coherent states by simultaneously replacing the complex number z and the moments ρ( m ) of the canonical coherent states by n × n matrices. Associated oscillator algebras are discussed with the aid of a generalized matrix factorial. Two physical examples are discussed. In the first example coherent states are obtained for the Jaynes–Cummings model in the weak coupling limit and some physical properties are discussed in terms of the constructed coherent states. In the second example coherent states are obtained for a conditionally exactly solvable supersymmetric radial harmonic oscillator.
Recently we have obtained, on the basis of a group approach to quantization, a Bargmann-Fock-like realization of the Relativistic Harmonic Oscillator as well as a generalized Bargmann transform relating fock wave functions and a set of relativistic Hermite polynomials. Nevertheless, the relativistic creation and annihilation operators satisfy typical relativistic commutation relations of the Lie product (vector-z, vector-z(sup dagger)) approximately equals Energy (an SL(2,R) algebra). Here we find higher-order polarization operators on the SL(2,R) group, providing canonical creation and annihilation operators satisfying the Lie product (vector-a, vector-a(sup dagger)) = identity vector 1, the eigenstates of which are 'true' coherent states.
In the spirit of some earlier work on the construction of vector coherent states (VCS) over matrix domains, we compute here such states associated to some physical Hamiltonians. In particular, we construct vector coherent states of the Gazeau–Klauder type. As a related problem, we also suggest a way to handle degeneracies in the Hamiltonian for building coherent states. Specific physical Hamiltonians studied include a single photon mode interacting with a pair of fermions, a Hamiltonian involving a single boson and a single fermion, a charged particle in a three-dimensional harmonic force field and the case of a two-dimensional electron placed in a constant magnetic field, orthogonal to the plane which contains the electron. In this last example, which is related to the fractional quantum Hall effect, an interesting modular structure emerges for two underlying von Neumann algebras, related to opposite directions of the magnetic field. This leads to the existence of coherent states built out of Kubo-Martin-Schwinger (KMS) states for the system.