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arXiv:1109.3824

Theory of deep subrecoil cooling by STIRAP

Vladimir S. Ivanov, Yu. Rozhdestvensky, Kalle‐Antti Suominen

Published Sep 18, 2011• 0 citations
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Abstract

We demonstrate one-dimensional robust Raman cooling in a three-level $\Lambda$-type atom, where the velocity-selective transfer is carried out by a STIRAP pulse. In contrast to the standard Raman method, the excitation profile is insensitive to variations in the pulse duration, whereas its position and width are nevertheless under control. Two different cooling variants are examined and we show that subrecoil temperatures are attainable in both cases.

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We demonstrate one-dimensional robust Raman cooling in a three-level Λ\LambdaΛ-type atom, where the velocity-selective transfer is carried out by a STIRAP pulse. In contrast to the standard Raman method, the excitation profile is insensitive to variations in the pulse duration, whereas its position and width are nevertheless under control. Two different cooling variants are examined and we show that subrecoil temperatures are attainable in both cases.
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Both atom localization and Raman cooling, considered in the thesis, reflect recent progress in the area of all-optical methods. We focus on twodimensional (2D) case, using a four-level tripod-type atomic scheme for atom localization within the optical half-wavelength as well as for efficient subrecoil Raman cooling. In the first part, we discuss the principles of 1D atom localization, accompanying by an example of the measurement of a spontaneously-emitted photon. Modifying this example, one archives sub-wavelength localization of a three-level -type atom, measuring the population in its upper state. We go further and obtain 2D sub-wavelength localization for a four-level tripod-type atom. The upper-state population is classified according to the spatial distribution, which in turn forms such structures as spikes, craters and waves. The second part of the thesis is devoted to Raman cooling. The cooling process is controlled by a sequence of velocity-selective transfers from one to another ground state. So far, 1D deep subrecoil cooling has been carried out with the sequence of square or Blackman pulses, applied to -type atoms. In turn, we discuss the transfer of atoms by stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP), which provides robustness against the pulse duration if the cooling time is not in any critical role. A tripod-type atomic scheme is used for the purpose of 2D Raman cooling, allowing one to increase the efficiency and simplify the realization of the cooling.
We derive an exact and analytical form for the cold-atom momentum distribution after a large number of one-dimensional (1D) Raman cooling cycles has been applied. Our result shows that one can select pulse profiles and lengths rather freely in order to obtain efficient cooling. Our approach takes into account optical pumping (resonant excitation followed by spontaneous emission) as an intergral part of the process, and it is noted that it does not affect the final momentum distribution. Thus subrecoil cooling is possible in general, and not just for carefully selected combinations of pulse forms and durations.
We present a new and efficient implementation of Raman cooling of trapped atoms. It uses Raman pulses with an appropriate frequency chirp to realize a velocity selective excitation through a rapid adiabatic passage. This method allows to address in a single pulse a large number of non zero atomic velocity classes and it produces a nearly unity transfer efficiency. We demonstrate this cooling method using cesium atoms in a far-detuned crossed dipole trap. Three-dimensional cooling of 1×1051 \times 10^{5}1×105 atoms down to 2μ2 μ2μK is performed in 100 ms. In this preliminary experiment the final atomic density is 1.3×10121.3\times 10^{12}1.3×1012 at/cm3^33 (within a factor of 2) and the phase-space density increase over the uncooled sample is 20. Numerical simulations indicate that temperatures below the single photon recoil temperature should be achievable with this method.