We study the ground-state phase diagram of the quantum ${J}_{1}\ensuremath{-}{J}_{2}$ model on a square lattice by means of an entangled-plaquette variational Ansatz. In the range $0\ensuremath{\leqslant}{J}_{2}/{J}_{1}\ensuremath{\leqslant}1$, we find classical magnetic order of N\'eel and collinear type, for ${J}_{2}/{J}_{1}\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.5$ and ${J}_{2}/{J}_{1}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.6$, respectively. For intermediate values of
J2/J1 the ground state is a spin liquid (i.e., paramagnetic with no valence-bond crystalline order). Our estimates of the entanglement entropy show that such a spin liquid is topological.
We use the coupled-cluster method in high orders of approximation to make a comprehensive study of the ground-state (GS) phase diagram of the spin-1/2
J1-
J2-
J3 model on a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice with antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions up to third-nearest neighbors. Results are presented for the GS energy and the average local onsite magnetization. With the nearest-neighbor coupling strength ${J}_{1}\ensuremath{\equiv}1$, we find four magnetically ordered phases in the parameter window ${J}_{2},{J}_{3}\ensuremath{\in}[0,1]$, namely, the N\'eel, striped, and N\'eel-II collinear AFM phases, plus a spiral phase. The N\'eel-II phase appears as a stable GS phase in the classical version of the model only for values
J3<0. Each of these four ordered phases shares a boundary with a disordered quantum paramagnetic (QP) phase, and at several widely separated points on the phase boundaries the QP phase has an infinite susceptibility to plaquette valence-bond crystalline order. We identify all of the phase boundaries with good precision in the parameter window studied, and we find three tricritical quantum critical points therein at (a) $({J}_{2}^{{c}_{1}},{J}_{3}^{{c}_{1}})=(0.51\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01,0.69\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01)$ between the N\'eel, striped, and QP phases; (b) $({J}_{2}^{{c}_{2}},{J}_{3}^{{c}_{2}})=(0.65\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02,0.55\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01)$ between the striped, spiral, and QP phases; and (c) $({J}_{2}^{{c}_{3}},{J}_{3}^{{c}_{3}})=(0.69\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01,0.12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01)$ between the spiral, N\'eel-II, and QP phases.
Strongly correlated systems with geometric frustrations can host the emergent phases of matter with unconventional properties. Here, we study the spin
S=1 Heisenberg model on the honeycomb lattice with the antiferromagnetic first- (
J1) and second-neighbor (
J2) interactions ($0.0\ensuremath{\le}{J}_{2}/{J}_{1}\ensuremath{\le}0.5$) by means of density-matrix renormalization group. In the parameter regime ${J}_{2}/{J}_{1}\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.27$, the system sustains a N\'eel antiferromagnetic phase. At the large
J2 side ${J}_{2}/{J}_{1}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.32$, a stripe antiferromagnetic phase is found. Between the two magnetic ordered phases $0.27\ensuremath{\lesssim}{J}_{2}/{J}_{1}\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.32$, we find a nonmagnetic intermediate region with a plaquette valence-bond order. Although our calculations are limited within a six unit-cell width on cylinder, we present evidence that this plaquette state could be a strong candidate for this nonmagnetic region in the thermodynamic limit. We also briefly discuss the nature of the quantum phase transitions in the system. We gain further insight into the nonmagnetic phases in the spin-1 system by comparing its phase diagram with the spin-
1/2 system.
We study the ground-state (GS) properties of the frustrated spin-
21 J1--
J2--
J3 Heisenberg model on the two-dimensional honeycomb lattice with ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor (${J}_{1}=\ensuremath{-}1$) exchange and frustrating antiferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor (
J2>0) and next-next-nearest-neighbor (
J3>0) exchanges, for the case
J3=J2. We use the coupled-cluster method implemented to high orders of approximation, complemented by the Lanczos exact diagonalization of a large finite lattice with 32 sites, in order to calculate the GS energy, magnetic order parameter, and spin-spin correlation functions. In one scenario we find a quantum phase transition point between regions characterized by ferromagnetic order and a form of antiferromagnetic (``striped'') collinear order at ${J}_{2}^{c}\ensuremath{\approx}0.1095\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0005$, which is below the corresponding hypothetical transition point at
J2cl=71 ($\ensuremath{\approx}0.143$) for the classical version of the model, in which we momentarily ignore the intervening noncollinear spiral phase in the region
101<J2<51. Hence we see that quantum fluctuations appear to stabilize somewhat the collinear antiferromagnetic order in preference to the ferromagnetic order in this model. We compare results for the present ferromagnetic case (with ${J}_{1}=\ensuremath{-}1$) to previous results for the corresponding antiferromagnetic case (with
J1=+1). The magnetic order parameter is found to behave similarly for the ferromagnetic and the antiferromagnetic models for large values of the frustration parameter
J2. However, there are considerable differences in the behavior of the order parameters for the two models for ${J}_{2}/|{J}_{1}|\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.6$. For example, the quasiclassical collinear magnetic long-range order for the antiferromagnetic model (with
J1=+1) breaks down at ${J}_{2}^{{c}_{2}}\ensuremath{\approx}0.60$, whereas the ``equivalent'' point for the ferromagnetic model (with ${J}_{1}=\ensuremath{-}1$) occurs at ${J}_{2}^{c}\ensuremath{\approx}0.11$. Unlike in the antiferromagnetic model (with
J1=+1), where a plaquette valence-bond crystal phase intrudes between the two corresponding quasiclassical antiferromagnetic phases (with N\'eel and striped order) for
J2c1<J2<J2c2, with ${J}_{2}^{{c}_{1}}\ensuremath{\approx}0.47$, we find no clear indications at all in the ferromagnetic model for an intermediate magnetically disordered phase between the corresponding phases exhibiting ferromagnetic and striped order. Instead the evidence for the ferromagnetic model (with ${J}_{1}=\ensuremath{-}1$) points to one of two scenarios: either there is a direct first-order transition between the two magnetically ordered phases, as mentioned above; or there exists an intervening phase between them in the very narrow range $0.10\ensuremath{\lesssim}{J}_{2}\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.12$, which is probably a remnant of the spiral phase that exists in the classical counterpart of the model over the larger range
101<J2<51.
We present a comprehensive computational study of the phase diagram of the frustrated
S=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the honeycomb lattice, with second-nearest
(J2) and third-neighbor
(J3) couplings. Using a combination of exact diagonalizations (EDs) of the original spin model, of the Hamiltonian projected into the nearest-neighbor short-range valence-bond basis, and of an effective quantum dimer model, as well as a self-consistent cluster mean-field theory, we determine the boundaries of several magnetically ordered phases in the region ${J}_{2},{J}_{3}\ensuremath{\in}[0,1]$, and find a sizable magnetically disordered region in between. We characterize part of this magnetically disordered phase as a plaquette valence-bond crystal phase. At larger
J2, we locate a sizable region in which staggered valence-bond crystal correlations are found to be important, either due to genuine valence-bond crystal (VBC) ordering or as a consequence of magnetically ordered phases, which break lattice rotational symmetry. Furthermore, we find that a particular parameter-free Gutzwiller projected tight-binding wave function has remarkably accurate energies compared to finite-size extrapolated ED energies along the transition line from conventional N\'eel to plaquette VBC phases, a fact that points to possibly interesting critical behavior---such as a deconfined critical point---across this transition. We also comment on the relevance of this spin model to model the spin liquid region found in the half filled Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice.
Using the coupled-cluster method for high orders of approximation and Lanczos exact diagonalization we study the ground-state phase diagram of a quantum spin-
21 J1-
J2 model on the square lattice with plaquette structure. We consider antiferromagnetic (
J1>0) as well as ferromagnetic (
J1<0) nearest-neighbor interactions together with frustrating antiferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor interaction
J2>0. The strength of interplaquette interaction $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ varies between $\ensuremath{\lambda}=1$ (which corresponds to the uniform
J1-
J2 model) and $\ensuremath{\lambda}=0$ (which corresponds to isolated frustrated 4-spin plaquettes). While on the classical level ($s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$) both versions of models (i.e., with ferro- and antiferromagnetic
J1) exhibit the same ground-state behavior, the ground-state phase diagram differs basically for the quantum case
s=1/2. For the antiferromagnetic case (
J1>0) N\'eel antiferromagnetic long-range order at small
J2/J1 and $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.47$ as well as collinear striped antiferromagnetic long-range order at large
J2/J1 and $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.30$ appear which correspond to their classical counterparts. Both semiclassical magnetic phases are separated by a nonmagnetic quantum paramagnetic phase. The parameter region, where this nonmagnetic phase exists, increases with decreasing $\ensuremath{\lambda}$. For the ferromagnetic case (
J1<0) we have the trivial ferromagnetic ground state at small
J2/∣J1∣. By increasing
J2 this classical phase gives way for a semiclassical plaquette phase, where the plaquette block spins of length
s=2 are antiferromagnetically long-range ordered. Further increasing of
J2 then yields collinear striped antiferromagnetic long-range order for $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.38$, but a nonmagnetic quantum paramagnetic phase $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.38$.