The Ward identities for the charge and heat currents are derived for particle-particle and particle-hole pairs. They are the exact constraints on the current-vertex functions imposed by conservation laws and should be satisfied by consistent theories. While the Ward identity for the charge current of electrons is well established, that for the heat current is not understood correctly. Thus the correct interpretation is presented. On this firm basis the Ward identities for pairs are discussed. As the application of the identity we criticize some inconsistent results in the studies of the superconducting fluctuation transport and the transport anomaly in the normal state of high- T c superconductors.
We analyze the three-point vertex function that describes the coupling of fermionic particle-hole pairs in a metal to spin or charge fluctuations at nonzero momentum. We consider Ward identities, which connect two-particle vertex functions to the self-energy, in the framework of a Hubbard model. These are derived using conservation laws following from local symmetries. The generators considered are the spin density and particle density. It is shown that at certain antiferromagnetic critical points, where the quasiparticle effective mass is diverging, the vertex function describing the coupling of particle-hole pairs to the spin density Fourier component at the antiferromagnetic wave vector is also divergent. Then we give an explicit calculation of the irreducible vertex function for the case of three-dimensional antiferromagnetic fluctuations, and show that it is proportional to the diverging quasiparticle effective mass.
The general interaction between quasiparticles and particle-hole excitations in a neutral Fermi system at T=0 is investigated. Density and spin-density fluctuations and collective modes are treated on an equal basis. Use is made of Ward identities to relate the vertex function $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ to the quasiparticle self-energy $\ensuremath{\Sigma}$, and logarithmic corrections to the self-energy are obtained. The coefficients of the logarithmic terms are calculated analytically in terms of known Landau parameters.