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arXiv:1108.2213 · Physical Review B

Two-channel pseudogap Kondo and Anderson models: Quantum phase transitions and non-Fermi liquids

Imke Schneider, Lars Fritz, Frithjof B. Anders, Adel Benlagra, Matthias Vojta C

Published Sep 29, 2011• 18 citations
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Abstract

We discuss the two-channel Kondo problem with a pseudogap density of states $\ensuremath{\rho}(\ensuremath{\omega})\ensuremath{\propto}{|\ensuremath{\omega}|}^{r}$ of the bath fermions. Combining both analytical and numerical renormalization group techniques, we characterize the impurity phases and quantum phase transitions of the relevant Kondo and Anderson models. The line of stable points, corresponding to the overscreened non-Fermi-liquid behavior of the metallic $r=0$ case, is replaced by a stable particle-hole-symmetric intermediate-coupling fixed point for $0<r<{r}_{\mathrm{max}}\ensuremath{\approx}0.23$. For $r>{r}_{\mathrm{max}}$, this non-Fermi-liquid phase disappears, and instead a critical fixed point with an emergent spin-channel symmetry appears, controlling the quantum phase transition between two phases with stable spin and channel moments, respectively. We propose low-energy field theories to describe the quantum phase transitions, all being formulated in fermionic variables. We employ $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ expansion techniques to calculate critical properties near the critical dimensions $r=0$ and 1, the latter being potentially relevant for two-channel Kondo impurities in neutral graphene. We find the analytical results to be in excellent agreement with those obtained from applying Wilson's numerical renormalization group technique.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.84.125139

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We discuss the two-channel Kondo problem with a pseudogap density of states \ensuremathρ(\ensuremathω)\ensuremath∝∣\ensuremathω∣r\ensuremath{\rho}(\ensuremath{\omega})\ensuremath{\propto}{|\ensuremath{\omega}|}^{r}\ensuremathρ(\ensuremathω)\ensuremath∝∣\ensuremathω∣r of the bath fermions. Combining both analytical and numerical renormalization group techniques, we characterize the impurity phases and quantum phase transitions of the relevant Kondo and Anderson models. The line of stable points, corresponding to the overscreened non-Fermi-liquid behavior of the metallic r=0r=0r=0 case, is replaced by a stable particle-hole-symmetric intermediate-coupling fixed point for 0<r<rmax\ensuremath≈0.230<r<{r}_{\mathrm{max}}\ensuremath{\approx}0.230<r<rmax​\ensuremath≈0.23. For r>rmaxr>{r}_{\mathrm{max}}r>rmax​, this non-Fermi-liquid phase disappears, and instead a critical fixed point with an emergent spin-channel symmetry appears, controlling the quantum phase transition between two phases with stable spin and channel moments, respectively. We propose low-energy field theories to describe the quantum phase transitions, all being formulated in fermionic variables. We employ \ensuremathϵ\ensuremath{\epsilon}\ensuremathϵ expansion techniques to calculate critical properties near the critical dimensions r=0r=0r=0 and 1, the latter being potentially relevant for two-channel Kondo impurities in neutral graphene. We find the analytical results to be in excellent agreement with those obtained from applying Wilson's numerical renormalization group technique.
We address the phenomenon of critical Kondo destruction in pseudogap Bose-Fermi Anderson and Kondo quantum impurity models. These models describe a localized level coupled both to a fermionic bath having a density of states that vanishes like ${|\ensuremath{\epsilon}|}^{r}$ at the Fermi energy ($\ensuremath{\epsilon}=0$) and, via one component of the impurity spin, to a bosonic bath having a sub-Ohmic spectral density proportional to ${|\ensuremath{\omega}|}^{s}$. Each bath is capable by itself of suppressing the Kondo effect at a continuous quantum phase transition. We study the interplay between these two mechanisms for Kondo destruction using continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo for the pseudogap Bose-Fermi Anderson model with 0<r<120<r<\frac{1}{2}0<r<21​ and $\frac{1}{2}\ensuremath{\le}s<1$, and applying the numerical renormalization group to the corresponding Kondo model. At particle-hole symmetry, the models exhibit a quantum-critical point between a Kondo (fermionic strong-coupling) phase and a localized (Kondo-destroyed) phase. The two solution methods, which are in good agreement in their domain of overlap, provide access to the many-body spectrum, as well as to correlation functions including, in particular, the single-particle Green's function and the static and dynamical local spin susceptibilities. The quantum-critical regime exhibits the hyperscaling of critical exponents and $\ensuremath{\omega}/T$ scaling in the dynamics that characterize an interacting critical point. The (r,s)(r,s)(r,s) plane can be divided into three regions: one each in which the calculated critical properties are dominated by the bosonic bath alone or by the fermionic bath alone, and between these two regions, a third in which the bosonic bath governs the critical spin response but both baths influence the renormalization-group flow near the quantum-critical point.
We revisit the physics of a Kondo impurity coupled to a fermionic host with a diverging power-law density of states near the Fermi level, $\ensuremath{\rho}(\ensuremath{\omega})\ensuremath{\sim}{|\ensuremath{\omega}|}^{r}$, with exponent $\ensuremath{-}1<r<0$. Using the analytical understanding of several fixed points, based partially on powerful mappings between models with bath exponents rrr and $(\ensuremath{-}r)$, combined with accurate numerical renormalization group calculations, we determine thermodynamic quantities within the stable phases and also near the various quantum phase transitions. Antiferromagnetic Kondo coupling leads to strong screening with a negative zero-temperature impurity entropy, while ferromagnetic Kondo coupling can induce a stable fractional spin moment. We formulate the quantum field theories for all critical fixed points of the problem, which are fermionic in nature and allow for a perturbative renormalization-group treatment.
Spin-valley Anderson impurities (SVAIM) with (anti-)Hund's splitting provide a natural explanation to the origin of pairing potential and pseudogap in the magic-angle graphene. In this work, we derive and analytically solve the low-energy Kondo theories for SVAIM at half-filling, with especial focus on the two anti-Hund's regimes: the impurity is either dominated by a valley doublet, or a trivial singlet. In the doublet regime, we reveal that a novel pair Kondo scattering λxλ_xλx​ is required to flip the valley doublet, which involves a quartic operator of bath electrons. Our renormalization group (RG) calculation based on the Coulomb gas analog shows λxλ_xλx​ drives a phase transition of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless type. One side of the transition is an anisotropic doublet phase, characterized by non-universal phase shifts of bath electrons and non-analytic impurity susceptibilities, while the other is a Fermi liquid formed by pair-Kondo resonance. The finite-size many-body spectrum, thermodynamic quantities, and correlation functions for both phases are analytically solved. Remarkably, the solution in the pair-Kondo Fermi liquid is achieved via the constructive approach of bosonization-refermionization along a solvable fixed line, where the many-body interaction λxλ_xλx​ is mapped into a pseudo-fermion bilinear in a rigorous manner. Finally, we also apply the RG analysis to the singlet regime, and identify a second-order phase transition between the Kondo Fermi liquid and a local singlet phase.
Quantum impurity models are the prototypical examples of quantum many-body dynamics which manifests in their spectral and transport properties. Single channel Anderson(and Kondo model) leads to the Fermi liquid ground state in the strong coupling regime which corresponds to a stable infrared fixed point at which the quantum impurity gets completely screened by the conduction electrons. Quantum impurity models with non-trivial density of states exhibit quantum phase transition and this quantum criticality lies in the universality class of local quantum critical systems. In this paper, we report first study of the flow equation renormalization of gapped Kondo model which has gapped density of states, the gap being at the Fermi level. Flow equation renormalization group method has proved to be one of the very robust renormalization methods to study Kondo physics both in equilibrium as well as in non-equilibrium. Here we have shown that this method can also be employed to study local quantum criticality. We have calculated the flow equations for the Kondo coupling and solved them for various values of the gap parameter and we find that there is suppression of Kondo divergence as gap is increased which signifies that as gap is increased, renormalization flow goes away from the strong coupling fixed point. We have also calculated the spin susceptibility and we find that as gap is increased, susceptibility goes over to the Curie behaviour and hence confirming the renormalization flow towards the local moment fixed point.
We use the poor man's scaling approach to study the phase boundaries of a pair of quantum impurity models featuring a power-law density of states $\ensuremath{\rho}(\ensuremath{\varepsilon})\ensuremath{\propto}{|\ensuremath{\varepsilon}|}^{r}$, either vanishing (for r>0)r>0)r>0) or diverging (for r<0)r<0)r<0) at the Fermi energy $\ensuremath{\varepsilon}=0$, that gives rise to quantum phase transitions between local-moment and Kondo-screened phases. For the Anderson model with a pseudogap (i.e., r>0)r>0)r>0), we find the phase boundary for (a) 0<r<1/20<r<1/20<r<1/2, a range over which the model exhibits interacting quantum critical points both at and away from particle-hole (p-h) symmetry, and (b) r>1r>1r>1, where the phases are separated by first-order quantum phase transitions that are accessible only for broken p-h symmetry. For the p-h-symmetric Kondo model with easy-axis or easy-plane anisotropy of the impurity-band spin exchange, the phase boundary and scaling trajectories are obtained for both r>0r>0r>0 and r<0r<0r<0. Throughout the regime of weak-to-moderate impurity-band coupling in which poor man's scaling is expected to be valid, the approach predicts phase boundaries in excellent qualitative and good quantitative agreement with the nonperturbative numerical renormalization group, while also establishing the functional relations between model parameters along these boundaries.
The quantum criticality of the two-lead two-channel pseudogap Anderson impurity model is studied. Based on the non-crossing approximation (NCA) and numerical renormalization group (NRG) approaches, we calculate both the linear and nonlinear conductance of the model at finite temperatures with a voltage bias and a power-law vanishing conduction electron density of states, ρc(ω) proportional |ω − μF|(r) (0 < r < 1) near the Fermi energy μF. At a fixed lead-impurity hybridization, a quantum phase transition from the two-channel Kondo (2CK) to the local moment (LM) phase is observed with increasing r from r = 0 to r = rc < 1. Surprisingly, in the 2CK phase, different power-law scalings from the well-known [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] form is found. Moreover, novel power-law scalings in conductances at the 2CK-LM quantum critical point are identified. Clear distinctions are found on the critical exponents between linear and non-linear conductance at criticality. The implications of these two distinct quantum critical properties for the non-equilibrium quantum criticality in general are discussed.