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arXiv:1106.1992 · Nature

Efficient quantum computing using coherent photon conversion

Nathan K. Langford, Sven Ramelow, Robert Prevedel, William J. Munro, Gerard J Milburn, Anton Zeilinger

Published Oct 1, 2011• 152 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1038/nature10463

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The subject of this thesis is coherent conversion from microwave photons to optical photons. This has applications for quantum computing, and would allow interfacing between superconducting qubits and optical fibres. Specifically, we will focus on photon conversion via erbium ions in a doped crystal. \n\nWe model a device which has an erbium doped crystal inside overlapping microwave and optical cavities. Input microwave photons are combined with photons from an optical pump laser via interactions with the erbium ions. This will produce optical output photons carrying the same quantum information as the input microwave photons. We develop a description of the interaction between the atoms and the light fields, accounting for both loss effects in the single atoms, and inhomogeneous broadening of the ensemble. Our theory is compared with experimental data, and shows good agreement. \n \nWe explore various phenomena which arise in this system, including the effects of temperature and microwave power. \n\nIt is shown that the description of this device from earlier work is not valid in the regime where the conversion efficiency is greatest. Hence, this work is necessary to be able to predict the maximum conversion efficiency. \n\nWe develop a linearised model which is accurate in the regime where the microwave and optical fields are small, such as the regime used for quantum information. This model is used to maximise the photon number conversion efficiency of the device. We predict conversion efficiencies above 20%, far higher than has been achieved experimentally with using rare earth ions. Modifying our device should further increase the conversion efficiency to above 80%.
Abstract The conversion between microwave photons and optical photons with quantum coherence is important for quantum communication and computation. Here we report a bidirectional and passive quantum converter proposal using an ensemble of atoms coupled to microwave and optical resonators. Input photons to one resonator are converted into output photons in the other resonator without active operation. Achieving the high efficiency requires that internal losses are sufficiently weak. In this setup, the internal losses can be neglected. When the mismatch is small and the dissipation is weak, the high conversion efficiency is just slightly reduced. We find that the efficiency is almost a constant and can be close to 100% in a large interval of frequency, i.e. a high-bandwidth conversion can be realized.
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