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arXiv:1106.1926 · Physical Review A

Probing the ladder of dressed states and nonclassical light generation in quantum-dot–cavity QED

Arka Majumdar, Michal Bajcsy, Jelena Vuckovic A

Published Apr 12, 2012• 93 citations
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Abstract

We investigate the photon-induced tunneling phenomena in a photonic crystal cavity containing a strongly coupled quantum dot and describe how this tunneling can be used to generate photon states consisting mainly of a particular Fock state. Additionally, we study experimentally the second-order autocorrelation ${g}^{2}(0)$ in the photon-induced tunneling regime as a function of the frequency and the power of the probe laser and observe signs of higher manifolds of the Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian in the frequency-dependent photon statistics of the transmitted light, as well as the strong power dependence of ${g}^{2}(0)$, distinguishing this effect clearly from bunching occurring in a thermal light source.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.85.041801

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We investigate the photon-induced tunneling phenomena in a photonic crystal cavity containing a strongly coupled quantum dot and describe how this tunneling can be used to generate photon states consisting mainly of a particular Fock state. Additionally, we study experimentally the second-order autocorrelation g2(0){g}^{2}(0)g2(0) in the photon-induced tunneling regime as a function of the frequency and the power of the probe laser and observe signs of higher manifolds of the Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian in the frequency-dependent photon statistics of the transmitted light, as well as the strong power dependence of g2(0){g}^{2}(0)g2(0), distinguishing this effect clearly from bunching occurring in a thermal light source.
We use the third- and fourth-order autocorrelation functions ${g}^{(3)}({\ensuremath{\tau}}_{1},{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{2})$ and ${g}^{(4)}({\ensuremath{\tau}}_{1},{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{2},{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{3})$ to detect the nonclassical character of the light transmitted through a photonic-crystal nanocavity containing a strongly coupled quantum dot probed with a train of coherent light pulses. We contrast the value of g(3)(0,0){g}^{(3)}(0,0)g(3)(0,0) with the conventionally used g(2)(0){g}^{(2)}(0)g(2)(0) and demonstrate that, in addition to being necessary for detecting two-photon states emitted by a low-intensity source, g(3){g}^{(3)}g(3) provides a more clear indication of the nonclassical character of a light source. We also present preliminary data that demonstrates bunching in the fourth-order autocorrelation function ${g}^{(4)}({\ensuremath{\tau}}_{1},{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{2},{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{3})$ as the first step toward detecting three-photon states.
We study experimentally and theoretically a coherently driven strongly coupled quantum dot--microcavity system. Our focus is on physics of the unexplored intermediate excitation regime where the resonant laser field dresses a strongly coupled single exciton-photon (polariton) system resulting in a ladder of laser-dressed Jaynes-Cummings states. In that case, both the coupling of the emitter to the confined light field of the microcavity and to the light field of the external laser are equally important, as proved by observation of injection pulling of the polariton branches by an external laser. This intermediate interaction regime is of particular interest since it connects the purely quantum mechanical Jaynes-Cummings ladder and the semiclassical Autler-Townes ladder. Exploring the driving strength dependence of the mutually coupled system we establish the maximum in the resonance fluorescence signal to be a robust fingerprint of the intermediate regime and observe signatures indicating the laser-dressed Jaynes-Cummings ladder. In order to address the underlying physics we excite the coupled system via the matter component of fermionic nature undergoing saturation---in contrast to commonly used cavity-mediated excitation.
Light and matter can be unified under the strong coupling regime, creating superpositions of both, called dressed states or polaritons. After initially being demonstrated in bulk semiconductors and atomic systems ,strong coupling phenomena have been realized in solid state optical microcavities. They form an essential ingredient in the exciting physics spanning from many-body quantum coherence phenomena, like Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity, to cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED). A widely used approach within cQED is the Jaynes-Cummings (JC) model that describes the interaction of a single fermionic two-level system with a single bosonic photon mode. For a photon number larger than one, known as quantum strong coupling (QSC), a significant anharmonicity is predicted for the ladder-like spectrum of dressed states. For optical transitions in semiconductor nanostructures, first signatures of the quantum strong coupling were recently published. In our latest report we applied advanced coherent nonlinear spectroscopy to explore a strongly coupled exciton-cavity system. Specifically, we measured and simulated its four-wave mixing (FWM) response, granting direct access to the first two rungs of the JC ladder. This paper summarizes the main results of Ref. 15 and adds FWM experiments obtained on a micropillar cavity in which a doublet of quantum dot (QD) excitons interacts with the cavity mode in the limit of weak to strong coupling.
A quantum dot strongly coupled to a photonic crystal resonator is used to investigate cavity quantum electro- dynamics phenomena in solid state physics. Nonlinear optical phenomena such as photon blockade and photon induced tunneling are observed in this system. The nonlinearity of this system is sensitive to intra-cavity photon numbers close to unity, and it has been used to demonstrate conditional phase shifts of 28° at a single photon level and a second order auto-correlation of g2(0) = 0.9 in the photon blockade regime.