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arXiv:1106.1544

Microcanonical ensemble and incompleteness of quantum mechanics

Vladimir A. Skrebnev

Published Jun 8, 2011• 0 citations
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Abstract

It is shown, that the only reason for possibility of using microcanonical ensemble is that there are probabilistic processes in microworld, that are not described by quantum mechanic. On a simple example it is demonstrated, that canonical distribution is not independent and equal to microcanonical, but is a result of averaging by microcanonical ensemble.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1106.1544

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It is shown, that the only reason for possibility of using microcanonical ensemble is that there are probabilistic processes in microworld, that are not described by quantum mechanic. On a simple example it is demonstrated, that canonical distribution is not independent and equal to microcanonical, but is a result of averaging by microcanonical ensemble.
The paper discusses the physical groundlessness of the models used for the derivation of canonical distribution and provides the experimental data demonstrating the incompleteness of quantum mechanics. The possibility of using statistical ensembles is presented as a consequence of the existence of probabilistic processes which are not accounted for by quantum mechanics. The paper provides a new analytical derivation of canonical distribution for macrosystems which takes into account subquantum processes. The paper discusses the possibility of the experimental study of a probability which is beyond quantum mechanics.
We show insurmountable contradictions which arise if statistical ensembles are considered a consequence of the influence of the environment of the physical systems. We regard the multiplicity of states with a definite energy value as a result of internal probabilistic processes in the macrosystem; these internal probabilistic processes are not taken into account by quantum mechanics. On a simple example it is demonstrated, that canonical distribution is not independent and equal to microcanonical one, but is a result of averaging by microcanonical ensemble.
We propose a new approach to justify the use of the microcanonical ensemble for isolated macroscopic quantum systems. Since there are huge number of independent observables in a macroscopic system, we cannot see all of them. Actually what we observe can be written in a rather simple combination of local observables. Considering this limitation, we show that almost all states in a energy shell are practically indistinguishable from one another, and hence from the microcanonical ensemble. In particular, the expectation value of a macroscopic observable is very close to its microcanonical ensemble average for almost all states.
Starting from the quantum mechanics for NNN particles, we show that we can directly derive the microcanonical ensemble average of the physical quantity AAA by using only the long time average and the equal probability assumption for the equal energy states. The system is considered to be embedded in the outer world and we describe them in terms of the density matrix method.
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