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arXiv:1106.0098 · Physical Review A

Efficiency of light-frequency conversion in an atomic ensemble

H. H. Jen, T. A. B. Kennedy

Published Aug 23, 2010• 26 citations
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Abstract

The efficiency of frequency up and down conversion of light in an atomic ensemble, with a diamond level configuration, is analyzed theoretically. The conditions of pump field intensities and detunings required to maximize the conversion as a function of optical thickness of the ensemble are determined. The influence of the probe pulse duration on the conversion efficiency is investigated by numeric solution of the Maxwell-Bloch equations.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.82.023815

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The efficiency of frequency up and down conversion of light in an atomic ensemble, with a diamond level configuration, is analyzed theoretically. The conditions of pump field intensities and detunings required to maximize the conversion as a function of optical thickness of the ensemble are determined. The influence of the probe pulse duration on the conversion efficiency is investigated by numeric solution of the Maxwell-Bloch equations.
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Efficient telecom frequency conversion (TFC) in atomic systems is crucial for integrating atom-based quantum nodes into low-loss fiber-optic quantum networks. Here, we demonstrate high-efficiency TFC from 795 nm to 1367 nm in a cold 87Rb ensemble via diamond-type four-wave mixing (FWM), achieving conversion efficiencies of 66% and 80% at optical depths of 75 and 110, respectively, using a weak coherent probe field. These results surpass all previously reported values in atomic systems, enabled by a systematic investigation of the built-in V-type and cascade-type electromagnetically induced transparency spectra that guided the optimization of FWM conditions. Although this work employs coherent fields, our previous theoretical study has shown that quantum states can be preserved with high fidelity during the conversion process, highlighting the promise of diamond-type atomic FWM as a robust interface for long-distance quantum communication.
Analysis on direct transforming the slow light into the stationary light pulse (SLP) is presented. Without the process of turning the slow light into the coherence between the lower levels, the generation of SLP is more efficient. The Maxwell-Liouville equations are employed to study the light pulse dynamics in the samples coherently driven by a bichromatic standing wave. The solution indicates that the forward and backward components of the SLP approach to each other exponentially. Such property is described by introducing a quantity called characteristic length, which appeared to be the ratio of the optical coherence decay rate and the coefficient of the driving term in Maxwell equation. The necessary length for completing the conversion can be estimated as five times the characteristic length. Several materials are analyzed here, including the 87{}^{87}87Rb atoms with different densities, Pr3+{}^{3+}3+-doped yttrium orthosilicate (Pr:YSO), and nitrogen-vacancy color centers in diamond (N-V centers). The values of the characteristic length for the corresponding materials are calculated, as well as the necessary length.
We investigated the sideband instability by numerical integration of the Maxwell-Bloch equations for propagation of a nearly resonant pump laser and a weak probe laser in a system of two-level atoms. In an optically thick medium, the probe gain (absorption) spectrum becomes a function of propagation distance. We find that the well-known gain resonance at the generalized Rabi frequency Ω' is suppressed and a broad asymmetric gain region forms on each side of the laser frequency. For probe-pump detunings inside these gain regions, the field envelope breaks up into periodic traveling waves that are compared to the polycnoidal solutions of the sine-Gordon equation with periodic boundary conditions.