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arXiv:1104.3564 · Journal of Nanophotonics

Climbing the Jaynes-Cummings ladder by photon counting

Fabrice P. Laussy, Elena del Valle, Michael J. Schrapp, Arne Laucht, Jonathan James Finley

Published Nov 12, 2012• 73 citations
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Abstract

A scheme to observe direct experimental evidence of Jaynes-Cummings nonlinearities in a strongly dissipative cavity quantum electrodynamics system was devised. In such a system, large losses compete with the strong light-matter interaction. Comparing coherent and incoherent excitations of the system, it was shown that resonant excitation of the detuned emitter makes it possible to evidence few photon quantum nonlinearities in currently available experimental systems.

DOI
10.1117/1.jnp.6.061803

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A scheme to observe direct experimental evidence of Jaynes-Cummings nonlinearities in a strongly dissipative cavity quantum electrodynamics system was devised. In such a system, large losses compete with the strong light-matter interaction. Comparing coherent and incoherent excitations of the system, it was shown that resonant excitation of the detuned emitter makes it possible to evidence few photon quantum nonlinearities in currently available experimental systems.
The Jaynes–Cummings (JC) model has been the theoretical workhorse for understanding cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) and for exploring multiphoton effects caused by the quantization of light. Today, it is an indispensable tool used to describe a variety of quantum optical systems, including semiconductor quantum-dot (QD) cavities, atoms in cavities, and superconducting circuits. Unfortunately, dissipation in many cavity-QED systems, especially QD structures, can strongly inhibit any direct spectral features of higher lying photon states and their spectral anharmonicities. In this work, we introduce a strategy to directly access and probe these multiphoton states and show that they can be directly observed even in the presence of a significant amount of dissipation. Our excitation scheme employs off-resonant excitation of a coupled QD cavity system using a nonlinear coherent drive, and the computed fluorescence spectra demonstrate the feasibility of the direct spectroscopic observation of higher rungs of the JC ladder using realistic QD cavity systems.
Light and matter can be unified under the strong coupling regime, creating superpositions of both, called dressed states or polaritons. After initially being demonstrated in bulk semiconductors and atomic systems ,strong coupling phenomena have been realized in solid state optical microcavities. They form an essential ingredient in the exciting physics spanning from many-body quantum coherence phenomena, like Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity, to cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED). A widely used approach within cQED is the Jaynes-Cummings (JC) model that describes the interaction of a single fermionic two-level system with a single bosonic photon mode. For a photon number larger than one, known as quantum strong coupling (QSC), a significant anharmonicity is predicted for the ladder-like spectrum of dressed states. For optical transitions in semiconductor nanostructures, first signatures of the quantum strong coupling were recently published. In our latest report we applied advanced coherent nonlinear spectroscopy to explore a strongly coupled exciton-cavity system. Specifically, we measured and simulated its four-wave mixing (FWM) response, granting direct access to the first two rungs of the JC ladder. This paper summarizes the main results of Ref. 15 and adds FWM experiments obtained on a micropillar cavity in which a doublet of quantum dot (QD) excitons interacts with the cavity mode in the limit of weak to strong coupling.
Abstract. We explore how the Jaynes-Cummings ladder transpires in the emitted spectra of a twolevel system in strong coupling with a single mode of light. We focus on the case of very strong coupling, that would be achieved with systems of exceedingly good quality (very long lifetimes for both the emitter and the cavity). We consider the incoherent regime of excitation, that is realized with semiconductors quantum dots in microcavities, and discuss how reasonable is the understanding of the systems in terms of transitions between dressed states of the Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian.
We explore how the Jaynes‐Cummings ladder transpires in the emitted spectra of a two‐level system in strong coupling with a single mode of light. We focus on the case of very strong coupling, that would be achieved with systems of exceedingly good quality (very long lifetimes for both the emitter and the cavity). We focus on the incoherent regime of excitation, that is realized with semiconductors quantum dots in microcavities, and discuss how reasonable is the understanding of the systems in terms of transitions between dressed states of the Jaynes‐Cummings Hamiltonian.
The authors calculate scattered, transmitted and reflected spectra for a coupled two-level atom and quantized electromagnetic cavity mode driven by broad-band chaotic light. They obtain analytical results in the secular approximation and compare these with exact numerical results. Under cavity QED conditions (strong dipole coupling) the spectra show multiple resonances at the incommensurate transition frequencies of the Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian. They obtain expressions for linewidths and transition amplitudes that help them to assess the prospects for an experimental observation of these Jaynes-Cummings resonances.
We study experimentally and theoretically a coherently driven strongly coupled quantum dot--microcavity system. Our focus is on physics of the unexplored intermediate excitation regime where the resonant laser field dresses a strongly coupled single exciton-photon (polariton) system resulting in a ladder of laser-dressed Jaynes-Cummings states. In that case, both the coupling of the emitter to the confined light field of the microcavity and to the light field of the external laser are equally important, as proved by observation of injection pulling of the polariton branches by an external laser. This intermediate interaction regime is of particular interest since it connects the purely quantum mechanical Jaynes-Cummings ladder and the semiclassical Autler-Townes ladder. Exploring the driving strength dependence of the mutually coupled system we establish the maximum in the resonance fluorescence signal to be a robust fingerprint of the intermediate regime and observe signatures indicating the laser-dressed Jaynes-Cummings ladder. In order to address the underlying physics we excite the coupled system via the matter component of fermionic nature undergoing saturation---in contrast to commonly used cavity-mediated excitation.