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arXiv:1104.2885

Quantum Entanglement and Teleportation

Brent R. Yates

Published Apr 14, 2011• 4 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Even Einstein has to be wrong sometimes. However, when Einstein was wrong he created a 70 year debate about the strange behavior of quantum mechanics. His debate helped prove topics such as the indeterminacy of particle states, quantum entanglement, and a rather clever use of quantum entanglement known as quantum teleportation.
DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1104.2885

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Abstract One of the most surprising consequences of quantum mechanics is the entanglement of two or more distance particles. The “ghost” interference and the “ghost” image experiments demonstrated the astonishing nonlocal behavior of an entangled photon pair. Even though we still have questions in regard to fundamental issues of the entangled quantum systems, quantum entanglement has started to play important roles in quantum information and quantum computation. Quantum teleportation is one of the hot topics. We have demonstrated a quantum teleportation experiment recently. The experimental results proved the working principle of irreversibly teleporting an unknown arbitrary quantum state from one system to another distant system by disassembling into and then later reconstructing from purely classical information and nonclassical EPR correlations. The distinct feature of this experiment is that the complete set of Bell states can be distinguished in the Bell state measurement. Teleportation of a quantum state can thus occur with certainty in principle.
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Quantum entanglement is a key feature of quantum mechanics. It describes connections between quantum systems that classical theories cannot explain. The idea of entanglement started with the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) argument. This argument questioned whether quantum theory was complete and showed the non-classical nature of quantum correlations. Schrödinger later defined the concept and introduced the term "entanglement" to describe composite quantum states that cannot be separated. Bell then created a framework that showed the predictions of quantum mechanics clash with local hidden-variable theories, leading to Bell's inequality. Experiments by Aspect and others provided strong evidence for the violation of Bell's inequalities and supported the reality of entanglement. Building on these theories and experiments, quantum teleportation became an important protocol in quantum information science. Bennett and his team proposed a scheme that showed how an unknown quantum state can be sent between distant parties using shared entanglement and classical communication, without sending the quantum system itself. Later experiments confirmed that this protocol works across different physical platforms. This paper reviews the historical development of quantum entanglement and its role in the emergence of quantum teleportation. In addition to the theoretical discussion, the teleportation protocol is implemented using IBM's Qiskit framework. The simulation results demonstrate the successful transfer of quantum states within the circuit model, illustrating how fundamental quantum communication concepts can be explored using quantum computing simulation tools.
Quantum entanglement is a key feature of quantum mechanics. It describes connections between quantum systems that classical theories cannot explain. The idea of entanglement started with the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) argument. This argument questioned whether quantum theory was complete and showed the non-classical nature of quantum correlations. Schrödinger later defined the concept and introduced the term "entanglement" to describe composite quantum states that cannot be separated. Bell then created a framework that showed the predictions of quantum mechanics clash with local hidden-variable theories, leading to Bell’s inequality. Experiments by Aspect and others provided strong evidence for the violation of Bell’s inequalities and supported the reality of entanglement. Building on these theories and experiments, quantum teleportation became an important protocol in quantum information science. Bennett and his team proposed a scheme that showed how an unknown quantum state can be sent between distant parties using shared entanglement and classical communication, without sending the quantum system itself. Later experiments confirmed that this protocol works across different physical platforms. This paper reviews the historical development of quantum entanglement and its role in the emergence of quantum teleportation. In addition to the theoretical discussion, the teleportation protocol is implemented using IBM’s Qiskit framework. The simulation results demonstrate the successful transfer of quantum states within the circuit model, illustrating how fundamental quantum communication concepts can be explored using quantum computing simulation tools.