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arXiv:1104.2354 · Physical Review A

Manipulating the momentum state of a condensate by sequences of standing-wave pulses

Wei Xiong, Xuguang Yue, Zhongkai Wang, Xiaoji Zhou, Xuzong Chen

Published Oct 11, 2011• 19 citations
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Abstract

We analyze the effects of sequences of standing-wave pulses on a Bose-Einstein condensate. The experimental observations are in good agreement with a numerical simulation based on band structure theory in an optical lattice. We also demonstrate that a coherent control method based on such a sequence of pulses is very efficient for the experimental design of specific momentum states.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.84.043616

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We analyze the effects of sequences of standing-wave pulses on a Bose-Einstein condensate. The experimental observations are in good agreement with a numerical simulation based on band structure theory in an optical lattice. We also demonstrate that a coherent control method based on such a sequence of pulses is very efficient for the experimental design of specific momentum states.
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We have performed a number of experiments with a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in a one-dimensional optical lattice. Making use of the small momentum spread of a BEC and standard atom optics techniques, a high level of coherent control over an artificial solid-state system is demonstrated. We are able to load the BEC into the lattice ground state with a very high efficiency by adiabatically turning on the optical lattice. We coherently transfer population between lattice states and observe their evolution. Methods are developed and used to perform band spectroscopy. We use these techniques to build a BEC accelerator and a novel, coherent, large-momentum-transfer beam-splitter.
We present a method for the effective preparation of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) into the excited bands of an optical lattice via a standing-wave pulse sequence. With our method, the BEC can be prepared in either a single Bloch state in an excited band or a coherent superposition of states in different bands. Our scheme is experimentally demonstrated by preparing a 87{}^{87}87Rb BEC into the ddd band and the superposition of sss- and ddd-band states of a one-dimensional optical lattice, within a few tens of microseconds. We further measure the decay of the BEC in the ddd-band state and carry an analytical calculation for the collisional decay of atoms in the excited-band states. Our theoretical and experimental results agree well.
We show how the momentum distribution of gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates can be shaped by applying a sequence of standing-wave laser pulses. We present a theory, whose validity was demonstrated in an earlier experiment [L. Deng et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 5407 (1999)], of the effect of a two-pulse sequence on the condensate wavefunction in momentum space. We generalize the previous result to the case of NNN pulses of arbitrary intensity separated by arbitrary intervals and show how these parameters can be engineered to produce a desired final momentum distribution. We find that several momentum distributions, important in atom-interferometry applications, can be engineered with high fidelity with two or three pulses.
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We present experimental and theoretical studies of the coherence properties of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) using an interference technique. Two optical standing wave pulses of duration 100 ns and separation $\ensuremath{\Delta}t$ are applied to a condensate. Each standing wave phase grating makes small copies of the condensate displaced in momentum space. The quantum mechanical amplitudes of each copy interfere, depending on $\ensuremath{\Delta}t$ and on spatial phase variations across the condensate. We find that the behavior of a trapped BEC is consistent with a uniform spatial phase. A released BEC, however, exhibits large phase variation across the condensate.