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arXiv:1104.0708 · Physical Review B

Kondo resonance of a microwave photon

Karyn Le Hur

Published Apr 10, 2012• 87 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We emulate renormalization group models, such as the spin-boson Hamiltonian or the anisotropic Kondo model, from a quantum optics perspective by considering a superconducting device. The infrared confinement involves photon excitations of two tunable transmission lines entangled to an artificial spin-1/2 particle or double-island charge qubit. Focusing on the propagation of microwave light, in the underdamped regime of the spin-boson model, we identify a many-body resonance where a photon is absorbed at the renormalized qubit frequency and reemitted forward in an elastic manner. We also show that asymptotic freedom of microwave light is reached by increasing the input signal amplitude at low temperatures, which allows the disappearance of the transmission peak.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.85.140506

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•Sep 9, 2012•0 citations
We emulate renormalization group models, such as the spin-boson Hamiltonian or the anisotropic Kondo model, from a quantum optics perspective by considering a superconducting device. The infrared confinement involves photon excitations of two tunable transmission lines entangled to an artificial spin-1/2 particle or double-island charge qubit. Focusing on the propagation of microwave light, in the underdamped regime of the spin-boson model, we identify a many-body resonance where a photon is absorbed at the renormalized qubit frequency and reemitted forward in an elastic manner. We also show that asymptotic freedom of microwave light is reached by increasing the input signal amplitude at low temperatures, which allows the disappearance of the transmission peak.
We investigate coherent single-microwave-photon transport in the coupled superconducting transmission lines coupled to superconducting quantum interference device based charge qubits. The Fano resonance can be observed in the scattering spectra in both the linear and nonlinear regimes of the dispersion relation of the microwave photon. We further find that the degree of the two-qubit entanglement can vary from unity to zero when the Fano resonance occurs. There exists a correspondence between the entanglement and the Fano resonance.
Abstract Semiconductor qubits rely on the control of charge and spin degrees of freedom of electrons or holes confined in quantum dots. They constitute a promising approach to quantum information processing, complementary to superconducting qubits. Here, we demonstrate coherent coupling between a superconducting transmon qubit and a semiconductor double quantum dot (DQD) charge qubit mediated by virtual microwave photon excitations in a tunable high-impedance SQUID array resonator acting as a quantum bus. The transmon-charge qubit coherent coupling rate (~21 MHz) exceeds the linewidth of both the transmon (~0.8 MHz) and the DQD charge qubit (~2.7 MHz). By tuning the qubits into resonance for a controlled amount of time, we observe coherent oscillations between the constituents of this hybrid quantum system. These results enable a new class of experiments exploring the use of two-qubit interactions mediated by microwave photons to create entangled states between semiconductor and superconducting qubits.
We study the coherent control of microwave photons propagating in a superconducting waveguide consisting of coupled transmission line resonators, each of which is connected to a tunable charge qubit. While these coupled line resonators form an artificial photonic crystal with an engineered photonic band structure, the charge qubits collectively behave as spin waves in the low excitation limit, which modify the band-gap structure to slow and stop the microwave propagation. The conceptual exploration here suggests an electromagnetically controlled quantum device based on the on-chip circuit QED for the coherent manipulation of photons, such as the dynamic creation of laserlike output from the waveguide by pumping the artificial atoms for population inversion.
Semiconductor qubits rely on the control of charge and spin degrees of freedom of electrons or holes confined in quantum dots. They constitute a promising approach to quantum information processing, complementary to superconducting qubits. Here, we demonstrate coherent coupling between a superconducting transmon qubit and a semiconductor double quantum dot (DQD) charge qubit mediated by virtual microwave photon excitations in a tunable high-impedance SQUID array resonator acting as a quantum bus. The transmon-charge qubit coherent coupling rate (~21 MHz) exceeds the linewidth of both the transmon (~0.8 MHz) and the DQD charge qubit (~2.7 MHz). By tuning the qubits into resonance for a controlled amount of time, we observe coherent oscillations between the constituents of this hybrid quantum system. These results enable a new class of experiments exploring the use of two-qubit interactions mediated by microwave photons to create entangled states between semiconductor and superconducting qubits.
We address recent advances in quantum optics with propagating microwaves\nin superconducting circuits. This research field exploits on the fact that the coupling between a superconducting artificial atom and propagating microwave photons in a one-dimensional (1D) open transmission line can be made strong enough to observe quantum effects, without using any cavity to confine the microwave photons.\nWe embed an artificial atom, a superconducting transmon qubit, in a 1D open\ntransmission line and investigate the scattering properties of coherent microwaves. When an input coherent state, with an average photon number much less than 1, is on resonance with the artificial atom, we observe extinction of up to 99% in the forward propagating field. We observe the strong nonlinearity of the artificial atom and under strong driving we observe the Mollow triplet. We also study the statistics of the reflected and transmitted beams, which are predicted to be nonclassical states. In particular, we demonstrate photon antibunching in the reflected beam by measuring the second-order correlation function. By applying a second control tone, we observe the Autler-Townes splitting and a giant cross-Kerr effect.\nFurthermore, we demonstrate fast operation of a single-photon router using\nthe Autler-Townes splitting. This device provides important steps towards the realization of a quantum network. This thesis describes the motivation, theoretical background, design, implementation and measurement results.
In the last decade, the field of Quantum Optics has been enriched with a completely new platform: superconducting quantum circuits, also known as circuit-QED. This platform builds on the original designs of superconducting qubits, that is few-level systems made of superconducting islands and Josephson junctions, but adds to it a new ingredient, microwave photons. In this talk I will review circuit-QED with a focus on two complementary lines of research: ultrastrong light-matter coupling and strongly correlated propagating photons. The first topic deals with novel designs of superconducting qubits, engineering their coupling to the microwave radiation field to reach Rabi frequencies that approach the qubit and photon frequencies. In this regime, known as ”ultrastrong coupling”, the rotating wave approximation from Quantum Optics is no longer valid, the vacuum may spontaneously polarize, producing photons that get bound to the qubit, and novel physics is expected to emerge. I will review recent experiments on this topic, together with various theoretical proposals to tame this ultrastrong coupling. The second topic revolves around the notion of ”propagating” photons in these circuits. Most experiments in circuit-QED so far adopted the typical configuration of artificial atoms (qubits) interacting with artificial cavities (LC resonators). This proved useful in order to reach the strong coupling regime, demonstrating Rabi oscillations and developing a variety of protocols for quantum information, tomograhy, entanglement, etc. However, recent experiments have shown that it is possible to also work with propagating photons, replacing the LC resonators with open transmission lines, and studying the scattering properties of those artificial atoms. In this context we have worked on developing new technology to detect and control these photons, engineering single-photon detectors, quantum metamaterials and photonic crystals, or even new nonlinear media based on coupled cavities.