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arXiv:1806.10039 · Nature Communications

Coherent microwave-photon-mediated coupling between a semiconductor and a superconducting qubit

Pasquale Scarlino, David J. van Woerkom, Udson C. Mendes, Jonne Koski, Andreas Landig, Christian Kraglund Andersen, Simone Gasparinetti, Christian Reichl, W. Wegscheider, K. Ensslin, Thomas Ihn, Alexandre Blais, Andreas J. Wallraff

Published Jul 8, 2019• 63 citations
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Abstract

Semiconductor qubits rely on the control of charge and spin degrees of freedom of electrons or holes confined in quantum dots. They constitute a promising approach to quantum information processing, complementary to superconducting qubits. Here, we demonstrate coherent coupling between a superconducting transmon qubit and a semiconductor double quantum dot (DQD) charge qubit mediated by virtual microwave photon excitations in a tunable high-impedance SQUID array resonator acting as a quantum bus. The transmon-charge qubit coherent coupling rate (~21 MHz) exceeds the linewidth of both the transmon (~0.8 MHz) and the DQD charge qubit (~2.7 MHz). By tuning the qubits into resonance for a controlled amount of time, we observe coherent oscillations between the constituents of this hybrid quantum system. These results enable a new class of experiments exploring the use of two-qubit interactions mediated by microwave photons to create entangled states between semiconductor and superconducting qubits.

DOI
10.1038/s41467-019-10798-6

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Semiconductor qubits rely on the control of charge and spin degrees of freedom of electrons or holes confined in quantum dots. They constitute a promising approach to quantum information processing, complementary to superconducting qubits. Here, we demonstrate coherent coupling between a superconducting transmon qubit and a semiconductor double quantum dot (DQD) charge qubit mediated by virtual microwave photon excitations in a tunable high-impedance SQUID array resonator acting as a quantum bus. The transmon-charge qubit coherent coupling rate (~21 MHz) exceeds the linewidth of both the transmon (~0.8 MHz) and the DQD charge qubit (~2.7 MHz). By tuning the qubits into resonance for a controlled amount of time, we observe coherent oscillations between the constituents of this hybrid quantum system. These results enable a new class of experiments exploring the use of two-qubit interactions mediated by microwave photons to create entangled states between semiconductor and superconducting qubits.
Abstract Semiconductor qubits rely on the control of charge and spin degrees of freedom of electrons or holes confined in quantum dots. They constitute a promising approach to quantum information processing, complementary to superconducting qubits. Here, we demonstrate coherent coupling between a superconducting transmon qubit and a semiconductor double quantum dot (DQD) charge qubit mediated by virtual microwave photon excitations in a tunable high-impedance SQUID array resonator acting as a quantum bus. The transmon-charge qubit coherent coupling rate (~21 MHz) exceeds the linewidth of both the transmon (~0.8 MHz) and the DQD charge qubit (~2.7 MHz). By tuning the qubits into resonance for a controlled amount of time, we observe coherent oscillations between the constituents of this hybrid quantum system. These results enable a new class of experiments exploring the use of two-qubit interactions mediated by microwave photons to create entangled states between semiconductor and superconducting qubits.
We explore the coupling of the charge degree of freedom of electrons confined in a GaAs/AlGaAs double quantum dot (DQD) to a superconducting transmon qubit in the circuit QED architecture. In this work, we realize a proof of concept experiment in which the coupling between a transmon qubit and a DQD qubit is mediated by virtual microwave photon excitations in a tunable high impedance SQUID array resonator, which acts as a quantum bus enabling long range coupling between dissimilar qubits. Our device hosts a DQD capacitively coupled to a SQUID array resonator, which in turn is coupled to a single island transmon. The device is further equipped with a flux line for fast control of the transmon frequency, and with a 50 Ω CPW resonator capacitively coupled to the transmon for readout. Realizing a well controlled interface between semiconductor and superconductor-based quantum computing architectures will allow to take full advantage of those two solid states quantum systems for hybrid-quantum processors and will enable the use of both charge and flux degrees of freedom in the same device. The methods and techniques developed in this work are expected to be transferable to other material systems.
Semiconductor qubits rely on the control of charge and spin degrees of freedom of electrons or holes confined in quantum dots (QDs). Typically, semiconductor qubit-qubit coupling is short range, effectively limiting qubit distance to the spatial extent of the wavefunction of the confined particle (a few hundred nanometers). This is a significant constraint towards scaling of QD-based architectures to realize dense 1D or 2D arrays of QDs. Inspired by techniques originally developed for circuit QED, we recently demonstrated the strong coupling of individual electrons confined in GaAs quantum dots to individual microwave photons, making use of the enhanced electric component of the vacuum fluctuations of a resonator with impedance beyond the typical 50 Ohm of standard coplanar waveguides. In this hybrid technology, we recently realized a proof of concept experiment, where the coupling between a transmon and a double QD (DQD) is mediated by virtual microwave photon excitations in a high impedance SQUID array resonator, which acts as a quantum bus enabling long-range coupling between dissimilar qubits. Similarly, we achieved coherent coupling between two DQD charge qubits separated by approximately 50 um. In the dispersive regime, we spectroscopically observed qubit-qubit coupling as an avoided-crossing in the energy spectrum of the DQD charge qubits. The methods and techniques developed in this work are transferable to QD devices based on other material systems and can be beneficial for spin based hybrid systems.
The realization of a coherent interface between distant charge or spin qubits in semiconductor quantum dots is an open challenge for quantum information processing.Here, we demonstrate both resonant (real) and nonresonant (virtual) photon-mediated coherent interactions between double quantum-dot charge qubits separated by several tens of micrometers.We present clear spectroscopic evidence of the resonant collective enhancement of the coupling of two qubits and the resonator.With both qubits in resonance with each other but detuned from the resonator, we observe exchange coupling between the qubits mediated by virtual photons.In both instances, pronounced bright and dark states governed by the symmetry of the qubit-field interaction are found.Our observations are in excellent quantitative agreement with masterequation simulations.The extracted two-qubit coupling strengths significantly exceed the linewidths of the combined resonator-qubit system, which indicates that this approach is viable for creating photon-mediated two-qubit gates in quantum-dot-based systems.
The realization of a coherent interface between distant charge or spin qubits in semiconductor quantum dots is an open challenge for quantum information processing. Here, we demonstrate both resonant (real) and nonresonant (virtual) photon-mediated coherent interactions between double quantum-dot charge qubits separated by several tens of micrometers. We present clear spectroscopic evidence of the resonant collective enhancement of the coupling of two qubits and the resonator. With both qubits in resonance with each other but detuned from the resonator, we observe exchange coupling between the qubits mediated by virtual photons. In both instances, pronounced bright and dark states governed by the symmetry of the qubit-field interaction are found. Our observations are in excellent quantitative agreement with master-equation simulations. The extracted two-qubit coupling strengths significantly exceed the linewidths of the combined resonator-qubit system, which indicates that this approach is viable for creating photon-mediated two-qubit gates in quantum-dot-based systems.
Spin qubits and superconducting qubits are among the promising candidates for realizing a solid state quantum computer. For the implementation of a hybrid architecture which can profit from the advantages of either approach, a coherent link is necessary that integrates and controllably couples both qubit types on the same chip over a distance that is several orders of magnitude longer than the physical size of the spin qubit. We realize such a link with a frequency-tunable high impedance SQUID array resonator. The spin qubit is a resonant exchange qubit hosted in a GaAs triple quantum dot. It can be operated at zero magnetic field, allowing it to coexist with superconducting qubits on the same chip. We spectroscopically observe coherent interaction between the resonant exchange qubit and a transmon qubit in both resonant and dispersive regimes, where the interaction is mediated either by real or virtual resonator photons.