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arXiv:1103.2917 · Optics Letters

Scalable parallel physical random number generator based on a superluminescent LED

LI Xiao-wen, Adam B. Cohen, Thomas E. Murphy, Rajarshi Roy

Published Mar 14, 2011• 146 citations
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Abstract

We describe an optoelectronic system for simultaneously generating parallel, independent streams of random bits using spectrally separated noise signals obtained from a single optical source. Using a pair of nonoverlapping spectral filters and a fiber-coupled superluminescent LED (SLED), we produced two independent 10 Gb/s random bit streams, for a cumulative generation rate of 20 Gb/s. The system relies principally on chip-based optoelectronic components that could be integrated in a compact, economical package.

DOI
10.1364/ol.36.001020

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We describe an optoelectronic system for simultaneously generating parallel, independent streams of random bits using spectrally separated noise signals obtained from a single optical source. Using a pair of nonoverlapping spectral filters and a fiber-coupled superluminescent LED (SLED), we produced two independent 10 Gb/s random bit streams, for a cumulative generation rate of 20 Gb/s. The system relies principally on chip-based optoelectronic components that could be integrated in a compact, economical package.
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We present an optical approach for high-speed parallel random bit generation based on stochastic pulse-to-pulse fluctuation in the supercontinuum (SC). Through spectrally demultiplexing the SC pulse sequence into different wavelength channels, we simultaneously extract multiple independent fast random bit streams from each SC pulse subsequence via associated comparators in parallel. Proof-of-concept experiments demonstrate that using our method, four 10 Gb/s random bit streams are obtained from a SC pulse source with verified randomness. Moreover, this method also provides a promising strategy to fabricate ultrafast random bit generators with Tb/s throughput capacity just by increasing additional wavelength channels.
Random numbers are widely used for information security, cryptography, stochastic modeling, and quantum simulations. Key technical challenges for physical random number generation are speed and scalability. We demonstrate a method for ultrafast generation of hundreds of random bit streams in parallel with a single laser diode. Spatiotemporal interference of many lasing modes in a specially designed cavity is introduced as a scheme for greatly accelerated random bit generation. Spontaneous emission, caused by quantum fluctuations, produces stochastic noise that makes the bit streams unpredictable. We achieve a total bit rate of 250 terabits per second with off-line postprocessing, which is more than two orders of magnitude higher than the current postprocessing record. Our approach is robust, compact, and energy-efficient, with potential applications in secure communication and high-performance computation.
We investigate two optical sources used for random number generation: superluminescent diode (SLD) and semiconductor lasers. Amplified spontaneous emission noise is generated in the SLD and chaotic intensity fluctuation is generated in a semiconductor laser. We investigate the performance of random number generation for both optical sources. For single-bit generation of random numbers, the maximum generation rate is 8.33 Gb/s for both the SLD and the laser with a similar bandwidth of ~15 GHz. For multibit generation schemes, we obtain the generation rate up to 400 Gb/s for both the SLD and the laser. The overall characteristics are similar between the SLD and the laser, since similar bandwidths of the RF spectra are used. The probability density function of the SLD is more symmetric than that of the chaotic laser. This fact results in slightly good performance of random number generation using the SLD for multibit generation.
Random bit generators are critical for information security, cryptography, stochastic modeling, and simulations. Speed and scalability are key challenges faced by current physical random bit generation. Herein, we propose a massively parallel scheme for ultrafast random bit generation towards rates of order 100 terabit per second based on a single micro-ring resonator. A modulation-instability-driven chaotic comb in a micro-ring resonator enables the simultaneous generation of hundreds of independent and unbiased random bit streams. A proof-of-concept experiment demonstrates that using our method, random bit streams beyond 2 terabit per second can be successfully generated with only 7 comb lines. This bit rate can be easily enhanced by further increasing the number of comb lines used. Our approach provides a chip-scale solution to random bit generation for secure communication and high-performance computation, and offers superhigh speed and large scalability.
Optoelectronics The security of our digital networks is underpinned by the ability to generate streams of random numbers or bits. As networks expand in an ever-connected way, the challenge is to increase the generation rate of the random numbers to keep pace with demand. Kim et al. designed a chip-scale laser diode that generates random bits at an ultrahigh rate (see the Perspective by Fischer and Gauthier). By tailoring the geometry of the cavity, they were able to exploit the spatiotemporal interference of many lasing modes to generate picosecond-scale emission intensity fluctuations in space and time, producing ultrafast random bit streams in parallel. Such a device will find a wide range of applications requiring an ultrafast, compact, robust, and energy-efficient random bit generator. Science , this issue p. [948][1]; see also p. [889][2] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abc2666 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abg5445