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arXiv:1103.1969 · New Journal of Physics

Coherent cavity networks with complete connectivity

Elica S. Kyoseva, Almut Beige, L. C. Kwek

Published Feb 13, 2012• 22 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

When cavity photons couple to an optical fiber with a continuum of modes, they usually leak out within a finite amount of time. However, if the fiber is about 1 m long and linked to a mirror, photons bounce back and forth within the fiber on a much faster time scale. As a result, dynamical decoupling prevents the cavity photons from entering the fiber. In this paper, we use the simultaneous dynamical decoupling of a large number of distant cavities from the fiber modes of linear optics networks to mediate effective cavity–cavity interactions in a large variety of configurations. Coherent cavity networks with complete connectivity can be created with potential applications in quantum computing and in the simulation of the complex interaction Hamiltonians of biological systems.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/14/2/023023

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When cavity photons couple to an optical fiber with a continuum of modes, they usually leak out within a finite amount of time. However, if the fiber is about 1 m long and linked to a mirror, photons bounce back and forth within the fiber on a much faster time scale. As a result, dynamical decoupling prevents the cavity photons from entering the fiber. In this paper, we use the simultaneous dynamical decoupling of a large number of distant cavities from the fiber modes of linear optics networks to mediate effective cavity–cavity interactions in a large variety of configurations. Coherent cavity networks with complete connectivity can be created with potential applications in quantum computing and in the simulation of the complex interaction Hamiltonians of biological systems.
We propose to turn two resonant distant cavities effectively into one by coupling them via an optical fiber which is coated with two-level atoms [J. D. Franson et al., Phys. Rev. A 70, 062302 (2004)]. The purpose of the atoms is to destructively measure the evanescent electric field of the fiber on a time scale which is long compared to the time it takes a photon to travel from one cavity to the other. Moreover, the boundary conditions imposed by the setup should support a small range of standing waves inside the fiber, including one at the frequency of the cavities. In this way, the fiber provides an additional decay channel for one common cavity field mode but not for the other. If the corresponding decay rate is sufficiently large, this mode decouples effectively from the system dynamics. A single nonlocal resonator mode is created.
Quantum mechanics, despite its abstract and unintuitive nature, is increasingly used in real-life applications. This thesis explores the current status of cavity quantum electrodynamics and its role in applications of quantum optics to quantum technologies. Various approaches to the treatment of optical cavities are discussed, with particular focus on a treatment in terms of cavities as linear optical devices, with a nonlinearity introduced by an atom, molecule, quantum dot etc in the cavity. Open quantum systems such as optical cavities coupled to a free external radiation field can be described by a quantum master equation. This thesis develops a description of such a system in which the Hamiltonian describes the coherent evolution of light inside the cavity, and the damping term describes the leaking of light out of the cavity mirrors. The goal of this approach is to describe couple networks of optical cavities in which information is transferred across the network coherently.
In a cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) system, where atoms coherently interact with photons in a cavity, the eigenstates of the system are the superposition states of atoms and cavity photons, the so-called dressed states of atoms. When two cavities are connected by an optical fiber with negligible loss, the coherent coupling between the cavities gives rise to photonic normal modes. One of these normal modes is the fiber-dark mode, in which photons are delocalized in the two distant cavities. Here we demonstrate the setting of coupled-cavities QED, where two nanofiber cavity-QED systems are coherently connected by a meter-long low-loss channel in an all-fiber fashion. Specifically, we observe dressed states of distant atoms with delocalized photons of the fiber-dark normal mode. Our system will provide a platform for the study of delocalized atomic and photonic states, photonic many-body physics, and distributed quantum computation.
Abstract In a cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) system, where atoms coherently interact with photons in a cavity, the eigenstates of the system are the superposition states of atoms and cavity photons, the so-called dressed states of atoms. When two cavities are connected by an optical fiber with negligible loss, the coherent coupling between the cavities gives rise to photonic normal modes. One of these normal modes is the fiber-dark mode, in which photons are delocalized in the two distant cavities. Here we demonstrate the setting of coupled-cavities QED, where two nanofiber cavity-QED systems are coherently connected by a meter-long low-loss channel in an all-fiber fashion. Specifically, we observe dressed states of distant atoms with delocalized photons of the fiber-dark normal mode. Our system will provide a platform for the study of delocalized atomic and photonic states, photonic many-body physics, and distributed quantum computation.
We report on a combined experimental and theoretical investigation into the normal modes of an all-fiber coupled cavity-quantum-electrodynamics system. The interaction between atomic ensembles and photons in the same cavities, and that between the photons in these cavities and the photons in the fiber connecting these cavities, generates five nondegenerate normal modes. We demonstrate our ability to excite each normal mode individually. We study particularly the "cavity dark mode," in which the two cavities coupled directly to the atoms do not exhibit photonic excitation. Through the observation of this mode, we demonstrate remote excitation and nonlocal saturation of atoms.