Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1103.0471 · Chinese Physics Letters

High-Capacity Quantum Secure Direct Communication Based on Quantum Hyperdense Coding with Hyperentanglement

Tie-Jun Wang, Tao Li, Fang-Fang Du, Fu-Guo Deng

Published Apr 1, 2011• 126 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We present a quantum hyperdense coding protocol with hyperentanglement in polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom of photons first and then give the details for a quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol based on this quantum hyperdense coding protocol. This QSDC protocol has the advantage of having a higher capacity than the quantum communication protocols with a qubit system. Compared with the QSDC protocol based on superdense coding with d-dimensional systems, this QSDC protocol is more feasible as the preparation of a high-dimension quantum system is more difficult than that of a two-level quantum system at present.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/28/4/040305

Related papers

A two-step quantum secure direct communication protocol with hyperentanglement

Bin Gu, Yugai Huang, Xia Fang +1 more

We propose a two-step quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol with hyperentanglement in both the spatial-mode and the polarization degrees of freedom of photon pairs which can in principle be produced with a beta barium borate crystal. The secret message can be encoded on the photon pairs with unitary operations in these two degrees of freedom independently. This QSDC protocol has a higher capacity than the original two-step QSDC protocol as each photon pair can carry 4 bits of information. Compared with the QSDC protocol based on hyperdense coding, this QSDC protocol has the immunity to Trojan horse attack strategies with the process for determining the number of the photons in each quantum signal as it is a one-way quantum communication protocol.

Chinese Physics B•Oct 1, 2011•118 citations

Bidirectional Quantum Secure Direct Communication Network Protocol with Hyperentanglement

Bin Gu, Yugai Huang, Xia Fang +1 more

We propose a bidirectional quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) network protocol with the hyperentanglment in both the spatial-mode ad the polarization degrees of freedom of photon pairs which can in principle be produced with a beta barium borate crystal. The secret message can be encoded on the photon pairs with unitary operations in these two degrees of freedom independently. Compared with other QSDC network protocols, our QSDC network protocol has a higher capacity as each photon pair can carry 4 bits of information. Also, we discuss the security of our QSDC network protocol and its feasibility with current techniques.

Communications in Theoretical Physics•Oct 1, 2011•52 citations

Four-party quantum secure direct communication based on hyperentangled bell states

Ran Guo, Ri‐Gui Zhou, Xiao-Xue Zhang

Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC) is a promising approach for secure information exchange. This paper proposes an efficient and secure four-party QSDC scheme utilizing hyperentangled Bell states in the polarization degree of freedom, the first longitudinal momentum degree of freedom and the second longitudinal momentum degree of freedom. The four participants can perform different unitary operations to independently encode their secret messages onto photons in three degrees of freedom, subsequently transmitting them directly through the quantum channel. In this proposed protocol, each degree of freedom of the photon can effectively carry two bits of information. Each round of transmission by a photon enables the four legitimate participants to obtain six classical bits of information. Notably, when compared to other photons based single-degree-of-freedom QSDC network protocols, the capacity of proposed QSDC protocol is tripled. Therefore, it significantly enhances the information transmission capability. Furthermore, comprehensive security analysis shows that our QSDC network protocol can withstand various attacks from external eavesdroppers.

Modern Physics Letters B•Mar 19, 2024•3 citations

Measurement-device-independent quantum secure direct communication based on quantum cover channel and multiple degrees of freedom of hyperentanglement

Tian-Jiao Pan, Ri‐Gui Zhou, Xiao-Xue Zhang

Abstract Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) achieves direct and secure transmission of information which does not need a pre-shared key. To improve the practical reliability of QSDC systems, Measurement-device-independent quantum secure direct communication protocol (MDI-QSDC) have emerged, which provide a more secure communication method by eliminating the dependence on measurement devices. This paper proposes an MDI-QSDC protocol based on polarization-spatial-orbital angular momentum mode hyperentanglement and quantum covert channel (QCC). This protocol can transmit 6-bit information in one round of communication, eliminating security vulnerability and information leakage associated with measurement devices. Compared with the previous MDI-QSDC protocols, this paper further clarifies the enhancement of channel capacity and security through numerical simulation studies. Further, the protocol introduces imperceptible QCC on polarization-spatial mode, which is significantly more secure than direct coding on polarization-spatial mode only. Based on the above features, the potential of the proposed high-capacity MDI-QSDC protocol in quantum communication is highlighted.

Physica Scripta•Jan 27, 2025•6 citations

Quantum secure direct communication with high-dimension quantum superdense coding

Chuan Xi Wang, Fu‐Guo Deng, Yansong Li +2 more

A protocol for quantum secure direct communication with quantum superdense coding is proposed. It combines the ideas of block transmission, the ping-pong quantum secure direct communication protocol, and quantum superdense coding. It has the advantage of being secure and of high source capacity.

Physical Review A•Apr 28, 2005•934 citations

The analysis of high-capacity quantum secure direct communication using polarization and orbital angular momentum of photons

Linyi Li, Tie-Jun Wang, Chuan Xi Wang

Higher channel capacity and noise elimination are the key requirements for the implementation of long-distance quantum communication. As the additional degrees of freedom (DoF) of photons can be employed to achieve higher channel capacity and security beyond the polarizations DoF of photons, the photonic qubits are always employed as the flying qubits in quantum communication and quantum information processing. Here, exploiting the multiple DoFs of photons, we present an efficient quantum secure direct communication protocol based on the coding and manipulation of qubits on both the polarization and the orbital angular momentum of photons. Also, the numerical simulation is studied to further clarify the improvement of the channel capacity and the security. It is found that the channel capacity and the error rate (caused by eavesdropping) of the QSDC protocol which encoded on the polarization DoF and the OAM DoF is significantly higher than that of coding on only polarization DoF. We believe this work could provide more evidence for the applications of higher-dimensional qubits in quantum information science.

Modern Physics Letters B•Dec 3, 2019•17 citations
We present a quantum hyperdense coding protocol with hyperentanglement in polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom of photons first and then give the details for a quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol based on this quantum hyperdense coding protocol. This QSDC protocol has the advantage of having a higher capacity than the quantum communication protocols with a qubit system. Compared with the QSDC protocol based on superdense coding with d-dimensional systems, this QSDC protocol is more feasible as the preparation of a high-dimension quantum system is more difficult than that of a two-level quantum system at present.
We propose a two-step quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol with hyperentanglement in both the spatial-mode and the polarization degrees of freedom of photon pairs which can in principle be produced with a beta barium borate crystal. The secret message can be encoded on the photon pairs with unitary operations in these two degrees of freedom independently. This QSDC protocol has a higher capacity than the original two-step QSDC protocol as each photon pair can carry 4 bits of information. Compared with the QSDC protocol based on hyperdense coding, this QSDC protocol has the immunity to Trojan horse attack strategies with the process for determining the number of the photons in each quantum signal as it is a one-way quantum communication protocol.
We propose a bidirectional quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) network protocol with the hyperentanglment in both the spatial-mode ad the polarization degrees of freedom of photon pairs which can in principle be produced with a beta barium borate crystal. The secret message can be encoded on the photon pairs with unitary operations in these two degrees of freedom independently. Compared with other QSDC network protocols, our QSDC network protocol has a higher capacity as each photon pair can carry 4 bits of information. Also, we discuss the security of our QSDC network protocol and its feasibility with current techniques.
Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC) is a promising approach for secure information exchange. This paper proposes an efficient and secure four-party QSDC scheme utilizing hyperentangled Bell states in the polarization degree of freedom, the first longitudinal momentum degree of freedom and the second longitudinal momentum degree of freedom. The four participants can perform different unitary operations to independently encode their secret messages onto photons in three degrees of freedom, subsequently transmitting them directly through the quantum channel. In this proposed protocol, each degree of freedom of the photon can effectively carry two bits of information. Each round of transmission by a photon enables the four legitimate participants to obtain six classical bits of information. Notably, when compared to other photons based single-degree-of-freedom QSDC network protocols, the capacity of proposed QSDC protocol is tripled. Therefore, it significantly enhances the information transmission capability. Furthermore, comprehensive security analysis shows that our QSDC network protocol can withstand various attacks from external eavesdroppers.
Abstract Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) achieves direct and secure transmission of information which does not need a pre-shared key. To improve the practical reliability of QSDC systems, Measurement-device-independent quantum secure direct communication protocol (MDI-QSDC) have emerged, which provide a more secure communication method by eliminating the dependence on measurement devices. This paper proposes an MDI-QSDC protocol based on polarization-spatial-orbital angular momentum mode hyperentanglement and quantum covert channel (QCC). This protocol can transmit 6-bit information in one round of communication, eliminating security vulnerability and information leakage associated with measurement devices. Compared with the previous MDI-QSDC protocols, this paper further clarifies the enhancement of channel capacity and security through numerical simulation studies. Further, the protocol introduces imperceptible QCC on polarization-spatial mode, which is significantly more secure than direct coding on polarization-spatial mode only. Based on the above features, the potential of the proposed high-capacity MDI-QSDC protocol in quantum communication is highlighted.
Higher channel capacity and noise elimination are the key requirements for the implementation of long-distance quantum communication. As the additional degrees of freedom (DoF) of photons can be employed to achieve higher channel capacity and security beyond the polarizations DoF of photons, the photonic qubits are always employed as the flying qubits in quantum communication and quantum information processing. Here, exploiting the multiple DoFs of photons, we present an efficient quantum secure direct communication protocol based on the coding and manipulation of qubits on both the polarization and the orbital angular momentum of photons. Also, the numerical simulation is studied to further clarify the improvement of the channel capacity and the security. It is found that the channel capacity and the error rate (caused by eavesdropping) of the QSDC protocol which encoded on the polarization DoF and the OAM DoF is significantly higher than that of coding on only polarization DoF. We believe this work could provide more evidence for the applications of higher-dimensional qubits in quantum information science.