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arXiv:1102.1317 · Physical Review A

Dipolar bosons in triangular optical lattices: Quantum phase transitions and anomalous hysteresis

Daisuke Yamamoto, Ippei Danshita, Carlos A. R. Sá de Melo

Published Feb 3, 2012• 64 citations
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Abstract

We study phase transitions and hysteresis in a system of dipolar bosons loaded into triangular optical lattices at zero temperature. We find that the quantum melting transition from supersolid to superfluid phase is first order, in contrast with the previous report. We also find that due to strong quantum fluctuations the supersolid (or solid)-superfluid transition can exhibit an anomalous hysteretic behavior, in which the curve of density versus chemical potential does not form a standard loop structure. Furthermore, we show that the transition occurs unidirectionally along the anomalous hysteresis curve.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.85.021601

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We study phase transitions and hysteresis in a system of dipolar bosons loaded into triangular optical lattices at zero temperature. We find that the quantum melting transition from supersolid to superfluid phase is first order, in contrast with the previous report. We also find that due to strong quantum fluctuations the supersolid (or solid)-superfluid transition can exhibit an anomalous hysteretic behavior, in which the curve of density versus chemical potential does not form a standard loop structure. Furthermore, we show that the transition occurs unidirectionally along the anomalous hysteresis curve.
We investigate the hysteresis characteristics in a system of dipolar Bose gases loaded into a triangular lattice. We perform a large-size cluster mean-field analysis for the corresponding dipolar Bose-Hubbard model in the hard-core boson limit and show that in varying the chemical potential the system can exhibit a hysteretic behavior without forming the standard "hysteresis-loop" structure. In this anomalous hysteresis, the quantum melting transition from the supersolid (or solid) to superfluid state can occur, but the reverse process (quantum solidification) is impossible.
We study the first-order quantum phase transitions of Bose gases in optical lattices. A special emphasis is placed on an anomalous hysteresis behavior, in which the phase transition occurs in a unidirectional way and a hysteresis loop does not form. We first revisit the hardcore Bose-Hubbard model with dipole-dipole interactions on a triangular lattice to analyze accurately the ground-state phase diagram and the hysteresis using the cluster mean-field theory combined with cluster-size scaling. Details of the anomalous hysteresis are presented. We next consider the two-component and spin-1 Bose-Hubbard models on a hypercubic lattice and show that the anomalous hysteresis can emerge in these systems as well. In particular, for the former model, we discuss the experimental feasibility of the first-order transitions and the associated hysteresis. We also explain an underlying mechanism of the anomalous hysteresis by means of the Ginzburg-Landau theory. From the given cases, we conclude that the anomalous hysteresis is a ubiquitous phenomenon of systems with a phase region of lobe shape that is surrounded by the first-order boundary.
We determine the phase diagram of hard-core bosons on a triangular lattice with nearest-neighbor repulsion, paying special attention to the stability of the supersolid phase. Similar to the same model on a square lattice we find that for densities rho<1/3 or rho>2/3 a supersolid phase is unstable and the transition between a commensurate solid and the superfluid is of first order. At intermediate fillings 1/3<rho<2/3 we find an extended supersolid phase even at half filling rho=1/2. The emergence of the supersolid on the triangular lattice reflects a novel and interesting way for a quantum system to avoid classical frustration, similar to an order-by-disorder mechanism. It also offers an exciting possibility of realizing such phenomena in ultracold atoms on optical lattices.
We study the phase diagram of a system of soft-core dipolar bosons confined to a two-dimensional optical lattice layer. We assume that dipoles are aligned perpendicular to the layer such that the dipolar interactions are purely repulsive and isotropic. We consider the full dipolar interaction and perform path-integral quantum Monte Carlo simulations using the worm algorithm. Besides a superfluid phase, we find various solid and supersolid phases. We show that, unlike what was found previously for the case of nearest-neighbor interaction, supersolid phases are stabilized by doping the solids not only with particles but with holes as well. We further study the stability of these quantum phases against thermal fluctuations. Finally, we discuss pair formation and the stability of the pair checkerboard phase formed in a bilayer geometry, and we suggest experimental conditions under which the pair checkerboard phase can be observed.
Hard-core bosons on a triangular lattice with nearest-neighbor repulsion are a prototypical example of a system with supersolid behavior on a lattice. We show that in this model the physical origin of the supersolid phase can be understood quantitatively and analytically by constructing quasiparticle excitations of defects that are moving on an ordered background. The location of the solid to supersolid phase transition line is predicted from the effective model for both positive and negative (frustrated) hopping parameters. For positive hopping parameters the calculations agree very accurately with numerical quantum Monte Carlo simulations. The numerical results indicate that the supersolid to superfluid transition is first order.
We calculate the mean-field phase diagram of a zero-temperature, binary Bose mixture on a square optical lattice, where one species possesses a non-negligible dipole moment. Remarkably, this system exhibits supersolidity for anomalously weak dipolar interaction strengths, which are readily accessible with current experimental capabilities. The supersolid phases are robust, in that they occupy large regions in the parameter space. Further, we identify a first-order quantum phase transition between supersolid and superfluid phases. Our results demonstrate the rich features of the dipolar Bose mixture, and suggest that this system is well suited for exploring supersolidity in the experimental setting.