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arXiv:1012.2058 · Physical Review B

Exact solution of a spin- 12 XX chain with three-site interactions in a random transverse field: Influence of randomness on the quantum phase transition

Volodymyr Derzhko, Oleg Derzhko, Johannes Richter

Published May 13, 2011• 25 citations
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Abstract

We present exact results for the ground-state and thermodynamic properties of the spin-1/2 $\mathit{XX}$ chain with three-site interactions in a random (Lorentzian) transverse field. We discuss the influence of randomness on the quantum critical behavior known to be present in the nonrandom model. We find that at zero temperature the characteristic features of the quantum phase transition, such as kinks in the magnetization versus field curve, are smeared out by randomness. However, at low but finite temperatures signatures of the quantum critical behavior are preserved if the randomness is not too large. Even the quantum critical region may be slightly enlarged for very weak randomness. In addition to the exact results for Lorentzian randomness we present a more general discussion of an arbitrarily random transverse magnetic field based on the inspection of the moments of the density of states.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.83.174428

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Quantum phase transitional behavior of a finite periodic XX spin-1/2 chain with nearest neighbor interaction in a uniform transverse field is studied based on the simple exact solutions. It is found that there are [N/2] level-crossing points in the ground state, where N is the periodic number of the system and [x] stands for the integer part of x, when the interaction strength and magnitude of the magnetic field satisfy certain conditions. The quantum phase transitions are of the first order due to the level-crossing. The ground state in the thermodynamic limit will be divided into three distinguishable quantum phases.
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We have numerically studied the thermodynamic properties of the spin 12\frac{1}{2}21​ XXZXXZXXZ chain in the presence of a transverse (noncommuting) magnetic field. The thermal, field dependence of specific heat and correlation functions for chains up to 20 sites has been calculated. The area where the specific heat decays exponentially is considered as a measure of the energy gap. We have also obtained the exchange interaction between chains in a bulk material using the random phase approximation and derived the phase diagram of the three-dimensional material with this approximation. The behavior of the structure factor at different momenta verifies the antiferromagnetic long-range order in the yyy direction for the three-dimensional case. Moreover, we have concluded that the low temperature Lanczos results [M. Aichhorn et al., Phys. Rev. B 67, 161103(R) (2003)] are more accurate for low temperatures and closer to the full diagonalization ones than the results of finite temperature Lanczos method [J. Jaklic and P. Prelovsek, Phys. Rev. B 49, 5065 (1994)].
Using the Jordan-Wigner transformation and continued fractions we calculate rigorously the thermodynamic quantities for the spin-1/2 transverse Ising chain with periodically varying intersite interactions and/or on-site fields. We consider in detail the properties of the chains having a period of the transverse field modulation equal to 3. The regularly alternating transverse Ising chain exhibits several quantum phase transition points, where the number of transition points for a given period of alternation strongly depends on the specific set of the Hamiltonian parameters. The critical behavior in most cases is the same as for the uniform chain. However, for certain sets of the Hamiltonian parameters the critical behavior may be changed and weak singularities in the ground-state quantities appear. Due to the regular alternation of the Hamiltonian parameters the transverse Ising chain may exhibit plateaulike steps in the zero-temperature dependence of the transverse magnetization vs transverse field and many-peak temperature profiles of the specific heat. We compare the ground-state properties of regularly alternating transverse Ising and transverse XX chains and of regularly alternating quantum and classical chains. Making use of the corresponding unitary transformations we extend the elaborated approach to the study of thermodynamics of regularly alternating spin-1/2 anisotropic XY chains without field. We use the exact expression for the ground-state energy of such a chain of period 2 to discuss how the exchange interaction anisotropy destroys the spin-Peierls dimerized phase.
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