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arXiv:1011.6529 · Physical Review B

Ideal quantum nondemolition measurement of a flux qubit at variable bias

Ying-Dan Wang, Xiaobo Zhu, Christoph Bruder

Published Apr 7, 2011• 4 citations
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Abstract

We propose a scheme to realize a quantum nondemolition (QND) measurement of a superconducting flux qubit by a Josephson bifurcation amplifier. Our scheme can implement a perfect QND measurement for a qubit subject to a variable magnetic bias. Measurement back-action-induced qubit relaxation can be suppressed and hence the QND fidelity is expected to be high over a wide range of bias conditions.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.83.134504

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We propose a scheme to realize a quantum nondemolition (QND) measurement of a superconducting flux qubit by a Josephson bifurcation amplifier. Our scheme can implement a perfect QND measurement for a qubit subject to a variable magnetic bias. Measurement back-action-induced qubit relaxation can be suppressed and hence the QND fidelity is expected to be high over a wide range of bias conditions.
Quantum measurements play a central role in quantum information processing. Understanding the mechanism of the quantum measurements is essential to both improve the visibility of the readout and decrease the projection error during measurement. Here, we describe and demonstrate an experimental protocol for quantifying a measurement backaction when we readout a superconducting flux qubit using a Josephson bifurcation amplifier. The coupling with the Josephson bifurcation amplifier induces a dephasing on the flux qubit during the readout. We have succeeded in estimating and controlling the strength of such a measurement-induced dephasing by changing the pulse height of the microwave driving. Our results are crucial for designing a suitable quantum readout technique for the realization of practical quantum devices.
We analyze the relaxation of a superconducting flux qubit during measurement. The qubit state is measured with a nonlinear oscillator driven across the threshold of bifurcation, acting as a switching dispersive detector. This readout scheme is of quantum nondemolition type. Two successive readouts are used to analyze the evolution of the qubit and the detector during the measurement. We introduce a simple transition rate model for characterizing the qubit relaxation and the detector switching process. Corrected for qubit relaxation the readout fidelity is at least 95%. Qubit relaxation strongly depends on the driving strength and the state of the oscillator.
Quantum state detectors based on switching of hysteretic Josephson junctions biased close to their critical current are simple to use but have strong backaction. We show that the backaction of a dc-switching detector can be considerably reduced by limiting the switching voltage and using a fast cryogenic amplifier, such that a single readout can be completed within 25 ns at a repetition rate of 1 MHz without loss of contrast. Based on a sequence of two successive readouts we show that the measurement has a clear quantum nondemolition character, with a QND fidelity of 75%.