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arXiv:1010.2413 · Physical Review A

Observation of Stückelberg oscillations in accelerated optical lattices

Alessandro Zenesini, Donatella Ciampini, O. Morsch, E. Arimondo

Published Dec 2, 2010• 32 citations
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Abstract

We report the experimental observation of St\"uckelberg oscillations of matter waves in optical lattices. Extending previous work on Landau-Zener tunneling of Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices, we study the effects of the accumulated phase between two successive crossings of the Brillouin zone edge. Our results agree well with a simple model for multiple Landau-Zener tunneling events taking into account the band structure of the optical lattice.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.82.065601

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We report the experimental observation of St"uckelberg oscillations of matter waves in optical lattices. Extending previous work on Landau-Zener tunneling of Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices, we study the effects of the accumulated phase between two successive crossings of the Brillouin zone edge. Our results agree well with a simple model for multiple Landau-Zener tunneling events taking into account the band structure of the optical lattice.
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We report experimental results on the properties of Bose-Einstein condensates in one-dimensional optical lattices. By accelerating the lattice, we observed Bloch oscillations of the condensate in the lowest band, as well as Landau-Zener (LZ) tunneling into higher bands when the lattice depth was reduced and/or the acceleration of the lattice was increased. The dependence of the LZ tunneling rate on the condensate density was then related to mean-field effects modifying the effective potential acting on the condensate, yielding good agreement with recent theoretical work. We also present several methods for measuring the lattice depth and discuss the effects of the micromotion in the time-orbiting-potential trap on our experimental results.
We report on experiments investigating quantum transport and band interferometry of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice with a two-band miniband structure, realized with a Fourier-synthesized optical lattice potential. Bloch-Zener oscillations, the coherent superposition of Bloch oscillations and Landau-Zener tunneling between the two bands, are observed. When the relative phase between paths in different bands is varied, an interference signal is observed, demonstrating the coherence of the dynamics in the miniband system. Measured fringe patterns of this Stückelberg interferometer allow us to interferometrically map out the band structure of the optical lattice over the full Brillouin zone.
We have loaded Bose-Einstein condensates into one-dimensional, off-resonant optical lattices and accelerated them by chirping the frequency difference between the two lattice beams. For small values of the lattice well-depth, Bloch oscillations were observed. Landau-Zener tunneling out of the lowest lattice band, leading to a breakdown of the oscillations, was also studied. In order to allow in-trap measurements of these phenomena, we dynamically compensated for the intrinsic micromotion of the atoms in our time-orbiting potential trap.
We investigate the Landau–Zener tunnelling of two-component Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in optical lattices. In the neighborhood of the Brillouin zone edge, the system can be reduced to two coupled nonlinear two-level models. From the models, we calculate the change of the tunnelling probability for each component with the linear sweeping rate. It is found that the probability for each component exhibits regular oscillating behavior for the larger sweeping rate, but for smaller rate the oscillation is irregular. Moreover, the asymmetry of the tunnelling between the two components can be induced by the unbalanced initial populations or the inequality of the two self-interactions when the cross-interaction between the components exists. The result can not be found in the single component BECs.