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arXiv:1009.3228 · Physical Review A

Programmable entanglement oscillations in a non-Markovian channel

S. Cialdi, Davide Brivio, Enrico Tesio, Matteo G. A. Paris

Published Apr 8, 2011• 35 citations
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Abstract

We suggest and demonstrate an all-optical experimental setup to observe and engineer entanglement oscillations of a pair of polarization qubits in an effective non-Markovian channel. We generate entangled photon pairs by spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC), and then insert a programmable spatial light modulator in order to impose a polarization-dependent phase shift on the spatial domain of the SPDC output. This creates an effective programmable non-Markovian environment where modulation of the environment spectrum is obtained by inserting a spatial grating on the signal arm. In our experiment, programmable oscillations of entanglement are achieved, where the entangled state obtained at the maximum of the revival after sudden death violates Bell's inequality by $17$ standard deviations.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.83.042308

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We suggest and demonstrate an all-optical experimental setup to observe and engineer entanglement oscillations of a pair of polarization qubits in an effective non-Markovian channel. We generate entangled photon pairs by spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC), and then insert a programmable spatial light modulator in order to impose a polarization-dependent phase shift on the spatial domain of the SPDC output. This creates an effective programmable non-Markovian environment where modulation of the environment spectrum is obtained by inserting a spatial grating on the signal arm. In our experiment, programmable oscillations of entanglement are achieved, where the entangled state obtained at the maximum of the revival after sudden death violates Bell's inequality by 171717 standard deviations.
We demonstrate the collapse and revival features of the entanglement dynamics of different polarization-entangled photon states in a non-Markovian environment. Using an all-optical experimental setup, we show that entanglement can be revived even after it suffers from sudden death. A maximally revived state is shown to violate a Bell's inequality with 4.1 standard deviations which verifies its quantum nature. The revival phenomenon observed in this experiment provides an intriguing perspective on entanglement dynamics.
We suggest and demonstrate a novel source of two-photon multipartite entangled states which exploits the transverse spatial structure of spontaneous parametric down-conversion together with a programmable spatial light modulator (SLM). The one-dimensional SLM is used to perform polarization entanglement purification and to realize arbitrary phase gates between polarization and momentum degrees of freedom of photons. We experimentally demonstrate our scheme by generating two-photon three-qubit linear cluster states with high fidelity using a diode laser pump with a limited coherence time and power on the crystal as low as  2.5~2.5 2.5 mW.
Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) is a reliable platform for entanglement generation. Routinely, a coherent laser beam is an essential prerequisite for pumping the nonlinear crystal. Here we break this barrier to generate polarization entangled photon pairs by using a commercial light-emitting diode (LED) source to serve as the pump beam. This effect is counterintuitive, as the LED source is of extremely low spatial coherence, which is transferred during the down-conversion process to the biphoton wavefunction. However, the type-II phase-matching condition naturally filters the specific frequency and wavelength of LED light exclusively to participate in SPDC such that localized polarization Bell states can be generated, regardless of the global incoherence over the full transverse plane. In our experiment, we characterize the degree of LED light-induced polarization entanglement in the standard framework of the violation of Bell inequality. We have achieved the Bell value S=2.33±0.097S=2.33\pm 0.097S=2.33±0.097, obviously surpassing the classical bound S=2S=2S=2 and thus witnessing the quantum entanglement. Our work can be extended to prepare polarization entanglement by using other natural light sources, such as sunlight and bio-light, which holds promise for electricity-free quantum communications in outer space.
Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) is a reliable platform for entanglement generation. Routinely, a coherent laser beam is an essential prerequisite for pumping the nonlinear crystal. Here we break this barrier to generate polarization-entangled photon pairs by using a commercial light-emitting diode (LED) source to serve as the pump beam. This effect is counterintuitive, as the LED source is of extremely low spatial coherence, which is transferred during the down-conversion process to the biphoton wave function. However, the type-II phase matching condition naturally filters the specific frequency and wavelength of LED light exclusively to participate in SPDC such that localized polarization Bell states can be generated, regardless of the global incoherence over the full transverse plane. In our experiment, we characterize the degree of LED light-induced polarization entanglement in the standard framework of the violation of Bell's inequality. We achieve the Bell value $S=2.33\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.097$, obviously surpassing the classical bound S=2S=2S=2 and thus witnessing the quantum entanglement. Our work can be extended to prepare polarization entanglement by using other natural light sources, such as sunlight and biolight, which holds promise for electricity-free quantum communications in outer space.
The polarization entangled state produced via spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) has relativephase maps in frequency and momentum domains which give an almost complete picture about the distinguishability and purity loss in the conjugate time and space domains. We demonstrate experimentally the tunable compensation of directional relative-phase profile for entangled photons generated by two cascaded / crossed crystals and captured over ultra-wide spatial window. We use a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) programmable via a personal computer to flatten (or correct for) the spatial relative-phase profile and also to add on-demand spatial phase profile. A fast, yet accurate, technique is introduced for frequent relative-phase measurements based on the tilt angle of a quarter wave plate (QWP) acting on the diagonally polarized pump beam and nulling the relative-phase of the entangled state at that direction. Our experimental measurements verify previous theoretical models for tunable compensation of the polarization two-photon state produced by the cascaded crystals arrangement.