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arXiv:1009.1340 · International Journal of Quantum Information

PERFECT STATE TRANSFER, GRAPH PRODUCTS AND EQUITABLE PARTITIONS

Ge Yang, Benjamin Greenberg, Oscar Perez, Christino Tamon

Published Apr 1, 2011• 31 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We describe new constructions of graphs which exhibit perfect state transfer on continuous-time quantum walks. Our constructions are based on generalizations of the double cones and variants of the Cartesian graph products (which include the hypercube). We also describe a generalization of the path collapsing argument (which reduces questions about perfect state transfer to simpler weighted multigraphs) for graphs with equitable distance partitions.

DOI
10.1142/s0219749911007472

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We describe new constructions of graphs which exhibit perfect state transfer on continuous-time quantum walks. Our constructions are based on generalizations of the double cones and variants of the Cartesian graph products (which include the hypercube). We also describe a generalization of the path collapsing argument (which reduces questions about perfect state transfer to simpler weighted multigraphs) for graphs with equitable distance partitions.
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We prove new results on perfect state transfer of quantum walks on quotient graphs. Since a graph G has perfect state transfer if and only if its quotient G/\pi, under any equitable partition \pi, has perfect state transfer, we exhibit graphs with perfect state transfer between two vertices but which lack automorphism swapping them. This answers a question of Godsil (Discrete Mathematics 312(1):129-147, 2011). We also show that the Cartesian product of quotient graphs \Box_{k} G_{k}/\pi_{k} is isomorphic to the quotient graph \Box_{k} G_{k}/\pi, for some equitable partition \pi. This provides an algebraic description of a construction due to Feder (Physical Review Letters 97, 180502, 2006) which is based on many-boson quantum walk.
Let X be a graph, A its adjacency matrix, and t a non-negative real number. The matrix exp(i t A) determines the evolution in time of a certain quantum system defined on the graph. It represents a continuous-time quantum walk in X. We say that X admits perfect state transfer from a vertex u to a vertex v if there is a time t such that \n| exp(i t A)_(u,v) | = 1. \n \nThe main problem we study in this thesis is that of determining which simple graphs admit perfect state transfer. For some classes of graphs the problem is solved. For example, a path on n vertices admits perfect state transfer if and only if n=2 or n=3. However, the general problem of determining all graphs that admit perfect state transfer is substantially hard. \n \nIn this thesis, we focus on some special cases. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a distance-regular graph to admit perfect state transfer. In particular, we provide a detailed account of which distance-regular graphs of diameter three do so. \n \nA graph is said to be spectrally extremal if the number of distinct eigenvalues is equal to the diameter plus one. Distance-regular graphs are examples of such graphs. We study perfect state transfer in spectrally extremal graphs and explore rich connections to the topic of orthogonal polynomials. We characterize perfect state transfer in such graphs. \n \nWe also provide a general framework in which perfect state transfer in graph products can be studied. We use this to determine when direct products and double covers of graphs admit perfect state transfer. As a consequence, we provide many new examples of simple graphs admitting perfect state transfer. We also provide some advances in the understanding of perfect state transfer in Cayley graphs for the groups (Z_2)^d and Z_n. \n \nFinally, we consider the problem of determining which trees admit perfect state transfer. We show more generally that, except for the path on two vertices, if a connected bipartite graph contains a unique perfect matching, then it cannot admit perfect state transfer. We also consider this problem in the context of another model of quantum walks determined by the matrix exp(i t L), where L is the Laplacian matrix of the graph. In particular, we show that no tree on an odd number of vertices admits perfect state transfer according to this model.
A continuous-time quantum walk on a graph is represented by the complex matrix , where is the adjacency matrix of and is a non-negative time. If the graph models a network of interacting qubits, transfer of state among such qubits throughout time can be formalized as the action of the continuous-time quantum walk operator in the characteristic vectors of the vertices. Here, we are concerned with the problem of determining which graphs admit a perfect transfer of state. More specifically, we will study graphs whose adjacency matrix is a sum of tensor products of -matrices, focusing on the case where a graph is the tensor product of two other graphs. As a result, we will construct many new examples of perfect state transfer.
Abstract In this paper, within the framework of continuous-time quantum walks (CTQWs), we decompose graphs into disjoint strata by adopting the idea of equitable partitions. Based on the thought, we investigate the success probability of finding marked vertices on the N -fold star power graph G ⋆ N (where G is a cycle graph with three vertices), as well as the time required for perfect state transfer. Additionally, we explore the time for perfect state transfer on G ⋆ N under partition conditions from the perspective of quantum probability. Specifically, we surprisingly discover an interesting result: the times for perfect state transfer under quantum probability-based partitions and equitable partitions are completely consistent when the coupling strength J = 1 and the parameter λ = 1.