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arXiv:1008.4624 · International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics

CANONICAL FORM OF THE EVOLUTION OPERATOR OF A TIME-DEPENDENT HAMILTONIAN IN THE THREE LEVEL SYSTEM

Kazuyuki Fujii

Published Mar 24, 2011• 0 citations
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Abstract

In this paper we study the evolution operator of a time-dependent Hamiltonian in the three level system. The evolution operator is based on SU(3) and its dimension is eight, so we obtain three complex Riccati differential equations interacting with one another (which have been obtained by Fujii and Oike) and two real phase equations. This is a canonical form of the evolution operator.

DOI
10.1142/s0219887811005312

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In this paper we study the evolution operator of a time-dependent Hamiltonian in the three level system. The evolution operator is based on SU(3) and its dimension is eight, so we obtain three complex Riccati differential equations interacting with one another (which have been obtained by Fujii and Oike) and two real phase equations. This is a canonical form of the evolution operator.
Both unitary evolution and the effects of dissipation and decoherence for a general three-level system are of wide interest in quantum optics, molecular physics, and elsewhere. A previous paper presented a technique for solving the time-dependent operator equations involved but under certain restrictive conditions. We now extend our results to a general three-level system with arbitrary time-dependent Hamiltonians and Lindblad operators. Analytical handling of the SU(3) algebra of the eight operators involved leaves behind a set of coupled first-order differential equations for classical functions. Solution of this set gives a complete solution of the quantum problem, without having to invoke rotating-wave or other approximations. Numerical illustrations for multiphoton couplings and quantum control are given.
We study the time evolution of a quantum system with Hamiltonian consisting of time-dependent linear combination of SU(1,1) and SU(2) generators. A proper hermitian invariant operator has been found to obtain not only closed formulas for the time evolution of quantum states but also the time evolution operators for both the SU(1, 1) and SU(2) systems. The time evolution operators have been used to investigate the time-dependent two photons and SU(2) squeezing states and squeezing properties of the time-dependent SU(1,1) coherent states.
The evolution operator U(t) for a time-independent parity-time-symmetric systems is well studied in the literature. However, for the non-Hermitian time-dependent systems, a closed form expression for the evolution operator is not available. In this paper, we make use of a procedure, originally developed by A.R.P. Rau [Phys.Rev.Lett, 81, 4785-4789 (1998)], in the context of deriving the solution of Liuville-Bloch equations in the product form of exponential operators when time-dependent external fields are present, for the evaluation of U(t) in the interaction picture wherein the corresponding Hamiltonian is time-dependent and in general non-Hermitian. This amounts to a transformation of the whole scheme in terms of addressing a nonlinear Riccati equation the existence of whose solutions depends on the fulfillment of a certain accompanying integrabilty condition.