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arXiv:1008.3504 · Applied Physics Letters

Enhancement of the zero phonon line emission from a single nitrogen vacancy center in a nanodiamond via coupling to a photonic crystal cavity

Janik Wolters, Andreas Wolfgang Schell, Günter Kewes, Nils Nüsse, Max Schoengen, Henning Döscher, Thomas Hannappel, Bernd Löchel, Michael Barth, Oliver J. Benson

Published Oct 4, 2010• 247 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Using a nanomanipulation technique a nanodiamond with a single nitrogen vacancy center is placed directly on the surface of a gallium phosphide photonic crystal cavity. A Purcell-enhancement of the fluorescence emission at the zero phonon line (ZPL) by a factor of 12.1 is observed. The ZPL coupling is a first crucial step toward future diamond-based integrated quantum optical devices.

DOI
10.1063/1.3499300

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Using a nanomanipulation technique a nanodiamond with a single nitrogen vacancy center is placed directly on the surface of a gallium phosphide photonic crystal cavity. A Purcell-enhancement of the fluorescence emission at the zero phonon line (ZPL) by a factor of 12.1 is observed. The ZPL coupling is a first crucial step toward future diamond-based integrated quantum optical devices.
Resonantly enhanced emission from the zero-phonon line of a diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in single crystal diamond is demonstrated experimentally using a hybrid whispering gallery mode nanocavity.A 900 nm diameter ring nanocavity formed from gallium phosphide, whose sidewalls extend into a diamond substrate, is tuned onto resonance at a low temperature with the zero-phonon line of a negatively charged NV center implanted near the diamond surface.When the nanocavity is on resonance, the zero-phonon line intensity is enhanced by approximately an order of magnitude, and the spontaneous emission lifetime of the NV is reduced by as much as 18%, corresponding to a 6.3X enhancement of emission in the zero photon line.
Recent demonstrations of entanglement between two remote Nitrogen-Vacancy centers, have opened the way for their use in distributed quantum networks. An efficient spin-photon interface will now be required to help realize this system as a technology. Here we demonstrate the tunable enhancement of the zero phonon line of a single nitrogen-vacancy colour centre in nanodiamond at cryogenic temperatures. A plano-hemispherical open cavity, fabricated using focused ion beam milling provides mode volumes as small as 1.25 cubic microns and quality factor Q ~ 3000. It will be shown how the open geometry and independently adjustable mirrors allows for precise placement of the emitter in the centre of the cavity mode, and crucially enables in-situ tuning of the cavity resonances. At optimal coupling, the signal from individual zero phonon line transitions is enhanced by a factor of 6.25 through the Purcell effect and the overall emission rate of the NV- centre is increased by 40% compared with that measured from the same centre in the absence of cavity field confinement. This Purcell enhancement is mapped out as a function of cavity mode volume. These results represent a proof of principle for a tunable cryogenic spin-photon interface. However by far the best NV optical and spin coherences are to be found in bulk material and efforts towards the production of diamond membranes are currently being made, with dimensions suitable for open-cavity coupling. Efforts towards this and preliminary results will also be discussed.
The realization of efficient optical interfaces for solid-state atom-like systems is an important problem in quantum science with potential applications in quantum communications and quantum information processing. We describe and demonstrate a technique for coupling single nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers to suspended diamond photonic crystal cavities with quality factors up to 6000. Specifically, we present an enhancement of the NV center's zero-phonon line fluorescence by a factor of ~ 7 in low-temperature measurements.
The realisation of an efficient spin-photon interface using the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centre (NV-) in diamond requires the resonant coupling of the zero phonon line (ZPL) of the centre to an optical microcavity [1]. The cavity serves to encourage emission into the ZPL in preference to the phonon sidebands, and potentially also to increase the homogeneous linewidth via a reduction of the lifetime (the Purcell effect) thus assisting in the generation of indistinguishable photons. Cavity coupling thus has potential to improve by orders of magnitude the speed with which entanglement can be created between spatially remote NV- centres [2], and to enable other mechanisms for realising spin-photon interfaces via non-demolition measurements [3].