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arXiv:1008.3000 · Optics Express

Nonlinear magneto-optical rotation in the presence of a radio-frequency field

T. Zigdon, A. D. Wilson‐Gordon, Srikanth Guttikonda, Eric J. Bahr, O. Neitzke, Simon Rochester, Dmitry Budker

Published Nov 22, 2010• 49 citations
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Abstract

Rb atoms in an antirelaxation-coated vapor cell in the presence of a radio-frequency (rf) field. The experimental NMOR signals as a function of rf field frequency for various rf field powers are compared to a theoretical model based on the density-matrix formalism. The comparison between experiment and theory enables understanding of the ground-state atomic spin polarization dynamics, illustrated using plots of the probability distribution of the atomic angular momentum.

DOI
10.1364/oe.18.025494

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Rb atoms in an antirelaxation-coated vapor cell in the presence of a radio-frequency (rf) field. The experimental NMOR signals as a function of rf field frequency for various rf field powers are compared to a theoretical model based on the density-matrix formalism. The comparison between experiment and theory enables understanding of the ground-state atomic spin polarization dynamics, illustrated using plots of the probability distribution of the atomic angular momentum.
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We report on investigations of nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (NMOR) in rubidium vapor subjected to a modulated magnetic field and continuous-wave (cw) laser-light illumination. By superimposing modulation and a static (dc) magnetic field, we demonstrate the appearance of resonances at both small and large (compared to the ground-state relaxation rate) values of the static field. Since in conventional NMOR there is no rotation at high fields, this suggests an existence of an alternative mechanism generating anisotropy in the considered case, which we identify as parametric resonance. The experiments are performed using light of small ellipticity, and rotation signals are significantly enhanced by combining atom-induced polarization rotation with a passive rotation induced with a wave plate. All the observations are supported with theoretical simulations. The density-matrix formalism and angular-momentum probability surfaces are used to provide an intuitive explanation of the observed signals.
A longitudinal radio-frequency (rf) magnetic field resonating at the Larmor frequency along the $\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{z}$ direction in the presence of a static transverse magnetic field s investigated. Optical-radio-frequency double resonance in 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb characterizes the strength of an external magnetic field through the precession frequency of 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb atoms. The measurements are carried out in a paraffin-coated 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb cell with a spin alignment configuration. An intriguing discovery of magnetic resonance peaks is observed at subharmonics of the Larmor frequency, accompanied by the emergence of nonlinear effects in the vicinity of the resonance. Notably, when the Larmor frequency reaches zero, the optical rotation signals induced by the rf magnetic field demonstrate a superposition of high-order harmonics of the rf frequency. Based on the simplified density matrix formalism and perturbation treatment, analytical expressions for the optical rotation are consistent with experimental outcomes. These findings hold the potential of extending our understanding on unveiling the dynamics of population and coherence among Zeeman sublevels, thereby advancing our knowledge in the field of alignment magnetometry.
Using laser optical pumping, widths and frequency shifts are determined for microwave transitions between ground-state hyperfine components of 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb and 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms contained in vapor cells with alkane antirelaxation coatings. The results are compared with data on Zeeman relaxation obtained in nonlinear magneto-optical rotation experiments, a comparison important for quantitative understanding of spin-relaxation mechanisms in coated cells. By comparing cells manufactured over a $40\text{\penalty1000-\hskip0pt}\text{year}$ period we demonstrate the long-term stability of coated cells, an important property for atomic clocks and magnetometers.
Larmor precession of laser-polarized atoms contained in antirelaxation-coated cells, detected via nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (NMOR), is a promising technique for a new generation of ultrasensitive atomic magnetometers. For magnetic fields directed along the light propagation direction, resonances in NMOR appear when linearly polarized light is frequency or amplitude modulated at twice the Larmor frequency. Because the frequency of these resonances depends on the magnitude but not the direction of the field, they are useful for scalar magnetometry. Additional NMOR resonances at the Larmor frequency appear when the magnetic field is tilted away from the light propagation direction in the plane defined by the light propagation and polarization vectors. These resonances, studied both experimentally and with a density matrix calculation in the present work, offer a convenient method of achieving additional information about a direction of the magnetic field.