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arXiv:1007.2890 · Physical Review B

Role of phonons in Josephson oscillations of excitonic and polaritonic condensates

E. B. Magnusson, Hugo Flayac, G. Malpuech, Ivan Andreevich Shelykh

Published Nov 10, 2010• 18 citations
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Abstract

We analyze theoretically the role of the exciton-phonon interactions in phenomena related to the Josephson effect between two spatially separated exciton and exciton-polariton condensates. We consider the role of the dephasing introduced by phonons in such phenomena as Josephson tunneling, self-trapping and spontaneous polarization separation. In the regime of cw pumping we find a remarkable bistability effect arising from exciton-exciton interactions as well as regimes of self-sustained regular and chaotic oscillations.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.82.195312

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We analyze theoretically the role of the exciton-phonon interactions in phenomena related to the Josephson effect between two spatially separated exciton and exciton-polariton condensates. We consider the role of the dephasing introduced by phonons in such phenomena as Josephson tunneling, self-trapping and spontaneous polarization separation. In the regime of cw pumping we find a remarkable bistability effect arising from exciton-exciton interactions as well as regimes of self-sustained regular and chaotic oscillations.
We analyze theoretically the phenomena related to the Josephson effect for exciton and polariton condensates, taking into account their specific spin degrees of freedom. We distinguish between two types of Josephson effects: the extrinsic effect, related to the coherent tunneling of particles with the same spin between two spatially separated potential traps, and the intrinsic effect, related to the ``tunneling'' between different spinor components of the condensate within the same trap. We show that the Josephson effect in the nonlinear regime can lead to nontrivial polarization dynamics and produce spontaneous separation of the condensates with opposite polarization in real space.
We consider Josephson oscillations between two coupled, quasiresonantly pumped exciton-polariton (polariton) modes. We analyze the regions of stability and periodic oscillations of such a system and show that the spin degree of freedom allows a chaotic behavior. We show that two spatially separated polariton Josephson junctions can be synchronized and used for data encryption and transfer. Due to the strong nonlinearity of polariton-polariton interactions, chaos communication at rates up to 50 Gb/s is possible, which is at least ten times faster than the results obtained for other systems.
The dynamics of coupled condensates is a wide-encompassing problem with relevance to superconductors, BECs in traps, superfluids, etc. Here, we provide a unified picture of this fundamental problem that includes i) detuning of the free energies, ii) different self-interaction strengths and iii) finite lifetime of the modes. At such, this is particularly relevant for the dynamics of polaritons, both for their internal dynamics between their light and matter constituents, as well as for the more conventional dynamics of two spatially separated condensates. Polaritons are short-lived, interact only through their material fraction and are easily detuned. At such, they bring several variations to their atomic counterpart. We show that the combination of these parameters results in important twists to the phenomenology of the Josephson effect, such as the behaviour of the relative phase (running or oscillating) or the occurence of self-trapping. We undertake a comprehensive stability analysis of the fixed points on a normalized Bloch sphere, that allows us to provide a generalized criterion to identify the Rabi and Josephson regimes in presence of detuning and decay.
We study theoretically Bloch oscillations of half-matter, half-light quasiparticles: exciton-polaritons. We propose an original structure for the observation of this phenomenon despite the constraints imposed by the relatively short lifetime of the particles and the limitations on the engineered periodic potential. First, we focus on the linear regime in a perfect lattice where regular oscillations are obtained. Second, we take into account a realistic structural disorder known to localize noninteracting particles, which is quite dramatic for propagation-related phenomena. In the nonlinear condensed regime the renormalization of the energy provided by interactions between particles allows us to screen efficiently the disorder and to recover oscillations. This effect is useful only in a precise range of parameters outside of which the system becomes dynamically unstable. For a large chemical potential of the order of the potential's amplitude, a strong Landau-Zener tunneling tends to completely delocalize particles.
We theoretically analyze exciton-photon oscillatory dynamics within a homogenous polariton gas in the presence of energy detuning between the cavity and quantum well modes. Whereas pure Rabi oscillations consist of the particle exchange between the photon and exciton states in the polariton system without any oscillations of the phases of the two subcondensates, we demonstrate that any nonzero detuning results in oscillations of the relative phase of the photon and exciton macroscopic wave functions. Different initial conditions reveal a variety of behaviors of the relative phase between the two condensates, and a crossover from Rabi-like to Josephson-like oscillations is predicted.