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arXiv:1007.0061 · Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Photo-induced insulator-metal transition of a spin-electron coupled system

Wataru Koshibae, Nobuo Furukawa, Naoto Nagaosa

Published Apr 1, 2011• 14 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The photo-induced metal-insulator transition is studied by the numerical simulation of real-time quantum dynamics of a double-exchange model. The spatial and temporal evolutions of the system during the transition have been revealed including i) the threshold behavior with respect to the intensity and energy of light, ii) multiplication of particle-hole (p-h) pairs by a p-h pair of high energy, and iii) the space-time pattern formation such as (a) the stripe controlled by the polarization of light, (b) coexistence of metallic and insulating domains, and (c) dynamical spontaneous symmetry breaking associated with the spin spiral formation imposed by the conservation of total spin for small energy-dissipation rates.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/94/27003

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The photo-induced metal-insulator transition is studied by the numerical simulation of real-time quantum dynamics of a double-exchange model. The spatial and temporal evolutions of the system during the transition have been revealed including i) the threshold behavior with respect to the intensity and energy of light, ii) multiplication of particle-hole (p-h) pairs by a p-h pair of high energy, and iii) the space-time pattern formation such as (a) the stripe controlled by the polarization of light, (b) coexistence of metallic and insulating domains, and (c) dynamical spontaneous symmetry breaking associated with the spin spiral formation imposed by the conservation of total spin for small energy-dissipation rates.
We investigate photo-induced effect in strongly correlated electron systems where conduction electrons couple with localized spins. In particular, the photo-induced phenomena in a charge-ordered insulator associated with antiferromagnetic order are examined. Transient excitation spectra are calculated by the exact diagonalization method in one-dimensional extended double exchange model. We find that in the photo-excited states, finite spectral weights in the one-particle excitation spectra appear inside the insulating gap and its band width increases with increasing time. This change of the electronic structure is correlated with the time development of the localized spin correlation. These results indicate that a strong coupling between spin and charge governs the photo-induced phenomena in this system.
Lattice effects on photo-excited states in interacting charge frustrated system are examined. Real time dynamics in the interacting spinless fermion model on a triangular lattice coupled to lattice vibration are analyzed by applying the exact diagonalization method combined with the classical equation of motion. A photo-induced phase transition from the horizontal stripe-type charge order (CO) to the 3-fold CO occurs through a characteristic intermediate time domain. By analyzing the time evolution in detail, we find that this characteristic dynamics are seen when the electron and lattice sectors are not complementary to each other but show cooperative time evolutions. We also find that there are threshold values in the optical fluorescence and electron-lattice coupling for emergence of the photo-induced 3-fold CO. The dynamics are distinct from those from the vertical stripe-type CO, in which a monotonic CO melting occurs. A scenario of the photo-induced CO phase transition with lattice degree of freedom is presented from a view point of charge frustration.
We theoretically investigate the dynamics of insulator-metal transition induced by light-pulse excitation in one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) Mott insulators. We adopt the Pariser-Parr-Pople model, and pump-probe signal is obtained by numerically calculating the time development of the state excited by a light pulse. In the 1D case, when photoexcitation density is below about 10%, an extremely small portion of the energy eigenstates dominates the optical process, and the spin-charge separation holds in these dominant energy eigenstates. As a result, the Mott gap and the short-range antiferromagnetic (AF) spin order are preserved, and the spin relaxation does not occur. When the density is above the value, a metallic state without the Mott gap is photogenerated, and the magnitude of the short-range AF spin order is significantly reduced by photoexcitation. This is consistent with the experimentally observed photoinduced Mott transition. Furthermore, the spin relaxation occurs in the metallic state. This photoinduced Mott transition is a manifestation of the spin-charge coupling in the intensely photoexcited states. In the 2D case, the spin and the charge degrees of freedom are coupled even in the weakly photoexcited states, and the characteristic crossover associated with the excitation density is not observed.
We theoretically investigate the dynamics of insulator-metal transition induced by light-pulse excitation in one-dimensional Mott insulators. We adopt the Pariser--Parr--Pople model and the pump-probe signal is obtained by numerically calculating the time development of the state excited by light pulse. When the photoexcitation density is below about 10%, an extremely small portion of the energy eigenstates dominates the optical process and the spin-charge separation holds in these dominant energy eigenstates. As a result, the Mott gap and the short-range antiferromagnetic (AF) spin order are preserved and spin relaxation does not occur. When the density is above the value, a metallic state without the Mott gap is photogenerated and the magnitude of the short-range AF spin order is significantly reduced by photoexcitation. This is consistent with the experimentally observed photoinduced Mott transition. Furthermore, spin relaxation occurs in the metallic state. This photoinduced Mott transition is a manifestation of the spin-charge coupling in the intensely photoexcited states.
Charge excitations in Mott insulators (MIs) are distinct from their band-insulator counterparts and they can provide a mechanism for energy harvesting in solar cells based on strongly correlated electronic materials. In this paper, we study the real-time dynamics of holon-doublon pairs in an MI connected to metallic leads using the time-dependent density-matrix renormalization-group method. The transfer of charge across the MI-metal interface is controlled by both the electron-electron interaction strength within the MI and the voltage difference between the leads. We find an overall enhancement of the charge transfer as compared to the case of a (noninteracting) band insulator-metal interface with a similar band gap. Moreover, the propagation of holon-doublon excitations within the MI dynamically changes the spin-spin correlations, introducing time-dependent phase shifts in the spin-structure factor.
Photoinduced carrier dynamics in a correlated electron system on a coupled two-leg ladder lattice are studied. The two-leg ladder Hubbard model is analyzed utilizing the exact diagonalization method based on the Lanczos algorithm in finite-size clusters. In order to reveal the transient carrier dynamics after photoirradiation, we calculate the low-energy components of the hole kinetic energy, the pair-field correlation function, the optical conductivity spectra, and other characteristics. It is shown that the photoinduced metallic-like state appears in a half-filled Mott insulating state, while the low-energy carrier motion is suppressed by photoirradiation in the case of hole-doped metallic states. These photoinduced changes in the electron dynamics are associated with changes in the carrier-pair coherence; they are not attributed to a naive thermalization, and are associated with a ladder-lattice effect instead. Based on the numerical results, optical control of hole pairs using double-pulse pumping is demonstrated. Implications for recent optical pump-probe experiments are presented.