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arXiv:1006.2133 · Physical Review B

Quantum Zeno effect with a superconducting qubit

Yuichiro Matsuzaki, Shiro Saito, Kosuke Kakuyanagi, Kouichi Semba

Published Nov 23, 2010• 34 citations
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Abstract

Detailed schemes are investigated for experimental verification of Quantum Zeno effect with a superconducting qubit. A superconducting qubit is affected by a dephasing noise whose spectrum is $1/f$ and so the decay process of a superconducting qubit shows a naturally nonexponential behavior due to an infinite correlation time of $1/f$ noise. Since projective measurements can easily influence the decay dynamics having such nonexponential feature, a superconducting qubit is a promising system to observe quantum Zeno effect. We have studied how a sequence of projective measurements can change the dephasing process and also we have suggested experimental ways to observe quantum Zeno effect with a superconducting qubit. It would be possible to demonstrate our prediction in the current technology.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.82.180518

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Detailed schemes are investigated for experimental verification of Quantum Zeno effect with a superconducting qubit. A superconducting qubit is affected by a dephasing noise whose spectrum is 1/f1/f1/f and so the decay process of a superconducting qubit shows a naturally nonexponential behavior due to an infinite correlation time of 1/f1/f1/f noise. Since projective measurements can easily influence the decay dynamics having such nonexponential feature, a superconducting qubit is a promising system to observe quantum Zeno effect. We have studied how a sequence of projective measurements can change the dephasing process and also we have suggested experimental ways to observe quantum Zeno effect with a superconducting qubit. It would be possible to demonstrate our prediction in the current technology.
Studying out-of-equilibrium physics in quantum systems under quantum quench is of vast experimental and theoretical interest. Using periodic quantum quenches, we present an experimentally accessible scheme to simulate the quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno effects in an open\mathit{open}open quantum system of a single superconducting qubit interacting with an array of transmission line resonators. The scheme is based on the following two observations: First, compared with conventional systems, the short-time nonexponential decay in our superconducting circuit system is readily observed; and second, a quench-off process mimics an ideal projective measurement when its time duration is sufficiently long. Our results show the active role of quantum quench in quantum simulation and control.
The Zeno and anti-Zeno effects are features of measurement-driven quantum evolution where frequent measurement inhibits or accelerates the decay of a quantum state. Either type of evolution can emerge depending on the system-environment interaction and measurement method. In this experiment, we use a superconducting qubit to map out both types of Zeno effect in the presence of structured noise baths and variable measurement rates. We observe both the suppression and acceleration of qubit decay as repeated measurements are used to modulate the qubit spectrum causing the qubit to sample different portions of the bath. We compare the Zeno effects arising from dispersive energy measurements and purely dephasing "quasimeasurements," showing energy measurements are not necessary to accelerate or suppress the decay process.
When a quantum state is subjected to frequent measurements, the time evolution of the quantum state is frozen. This is called the quantum Zeno effect. Here, we observe such an effect by performing frequent discrete measurements in a macroscopic quantum system, a superconducting quantum bit. The quantum Zeno effect induced by discrete measurements is similar to the original idea of the quantum Zeno effect. By using a Josephson bifurcation amplifier pulse readout, we have experimentally suppressed the time evolution of Rabi oscillation using projective measurements, and also observed the enhancement of the quantum state holding time by shortening the measurement period time. This is a crucial step to realize quantum information processing using the quantum Zeno effect.
Quantum Zeno effect is a significant tool in quantum manipulating and computing. We propose its observation in superconducting phase qubit with two experimentally feasible measurement schemes. The conventional measurement method is used to achieve the proposed pulse and continuous readout of the qubit state, which are analyzed by projection assumption and Monte Carlo wavefunction simulation, respectively. Our scheme gives a direct implementation of quantum Zeno effect in a superconducting phase qubit.
Projective measurements are an essential element of quantum mechanics. In most cases, they cause an irreversible change of the quantum system on which they act. However, measurements can also be used to stabilize quantum states from decay processes, which is known as the quantum Zeno effect (QZE). Here, we demonstrate this effect for the case of a superposition state of a nuclear spin qubit, using an ancilla to perform the measurement. As a result, the quantum state of the qubit is protected against dephasing without relying on an ensemble nature of NMR experiments. We also propose a scheme to protect an arbitrary state by using QZE.
For quantum information processing, each physical system has a different advantage as regards implementation, so hybrid systems that benefit from the advantage of several systems would provide a promising approach. One common hybrid approach involves combining a superconducting qubit as a controllable qubit and another quantum system with a long coherence time as a memory qubit. The use of a superconducting qubit gives us excellent controllability of the quantum states, and the memory qubit is capable of storing information for a long time. It has been believed that selective coupling can be realized between a superconducting qubit and a memory qubit by tuning the energy splitting between them. However, we have shown that this detuning approach has a fundamental drawback as regards energy leakage from the memory qubit. Even if the superconducting qubit is effectively separated by reasonable detuning, a non-negligible incoherent energy relaxation in the memory qubit occurs via residual weak coupling when the superconducting qubit is affected by severe dephasing. This energy transport from the memory qubit to the control qubit can be interpreted as the appearance of the anti--quantum Zeno effect induced by the fluctuation in the superconducting qubit. We also discuss possible ways to avoid this energy relaxation process, which is feasible with existing technology.