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arXiv:1006.1801 · Nature Communications

No-go theorem for superradiant quantum phase transitions in cavity QED and counter-example in circuit QED

Pierre Nataf, Cristiano Ciuti

Published Sep 7, 2010• 345 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1038/ncomms1069

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The possibility of a superradiant phase transition in light-matter systems is the subject of much debate, due to numerous apparently conflicting no-go and counter no-go theorems. Using an arbitrary-gauge approach we show that a unique phase transition does occur in archetypal many-dipole cavity QED systems, and that it manifests unambiguously via a macroscopic gauge-invariant polarization. We find that the gauge choice controls the extent to which this polarization is included as part of the radiative quantum subsystem and thereby determines the degree to which the abnormal phase is classed as superradiant. This resolves the long-standing paradox of no-go and counter no-go theorems for superradiance, which are shown to refer to different definitions of radiation.
The superradiant quantum phase transition (QPT) is of fundamental interest, and has potential applications in modern quantum technology. The existence of an equilibrium superradiant QPT in cavity and circuit QED systems is still debated, though, considering the no-go theorem. Combining cavity QED and optomechanics, the authors predict at thermal equilibrium a single-photon-triggered superradiant QPT that is immune to the no-go theorem. Being able to manipulate a QPT in this manner is expected to inspire both the creation of innovative photonic quantum devices and the exploration of single-photon quantum-criticality physics.