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arXiv:1006.1533

Hierarchy of Separability Conditions for Bipartite Systems

S. Sivakumar

Published Jun 8, 2010• 0 citations
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Abstract

A new hierarchy of separability conditions for bipartite states is obtained. All the conditions in the hierarchy are necessary for separability. The conditions are expressed in terms of higher powers of the density operator of the bipartite system and the reduced density operators of the subsystems. Violation of any of the conditions in the hierarchy implies entanglement. As a consequence of the hierarchy, another separability condition, expressed in terms of the eigenvalues of the density operators of the total system and subsystems, is obtained.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1006.1533

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A new hierarchy of separability conditions for bipartite states is obtained. All the conditions in the hierarchy are necessary for separability. The conditions are expressed in terms of higher powers of the density operator of the bipartite system and the reduced density operators of the subsystems. Violation of any of the conditions in the hierarchy implies entanglement. As a consequence of the hierarchy, another separability condition, expressed in terms of the eigenvalues of the density operators of the total system and subsystems, is obtained.
We study the separability of bipartite quantum systems in arbitrary dimensions using the Bloch representation of their density matrix. This approach enables us to find an alternative characterization of the separability problem, from which we derive a necessary condition and sufficient conditions for separability. For a certain class of states the necessary condition and a sufficient condition turn out to be equivalent, therefore yielding a necessary and sufficient condition. The proofs of the sufficient conditions are constructive, thus providing decompositions in pure product states for the states that satisfy them. We provide examples that show the ability of these conditions to detect entanglement. In particular, the necessary condition is proved to be strong enough to detect bound entangled states.
The reduction criterion is a well-known necessary condition for separable states, and states violating this condition are entangled and also 1-distillable. In this paper we introduce a set of necessary conditions for separability of multipartite states, obtained from a set of positive but not completely positive maps. These conditions can be thought of as generalizations of the reduction criterion to multipartite systems. We use tripartite Werner states as an example to investigate the entanglement detecting powers of some of these conditions, and we also look at what these conditions mean in terms of distillation. Finally, we show that these maps can be used to give a partial solution to the subsystem problem, as described by Butterley et al.
As is well known, every mixed or pure state of a bipartite quantum system is given by a statistical operator, which determines, in terms of its two reduced statistical operators, the subsystem states. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a composite-system state, and, separately, for the possibility of its being correlated or uncorrelated in terms of the range dimensions of the three mentioned statistical operators are derived. As a corollary, it is shown that it cannot happen that two of the mentioned dimensions are finite and the third is infinite.