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arXiv:1005.5224 · Physical Review A

Quantum decoherence in a hybrid atom-optical system of a one-dimensional coupled-resonator waveguide and an atom

Jing Lu, Lan Zhou, H. C. Fu, Le‐Man Kuang

Published Jun 10, 2010• 28 citations
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Abstract

Decoherence for a one-dimensional coupled-resonator waveguide with a two-level system inside one of the resonators, induced by their interaction with corresponding environments, is investigated. Each environment is modeled as a continuum of harmonic oscillators. By finding the eigenstates of the hybrid system, which is the dressed state of the hybrid system, we calculate the lifetime of one excitation, which characterizes the existence of quantum coherence in such hybrid systems and the basic quantum nature.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.81.062111

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Decoherence for a one-dimensional coupled-resonator waveguide with a two-level system inside one of the resonators, induced by their interaction with corresponding environments, is investigated. Each environment is modeled as a continuum of harmonic oscillators. By finding the eigenstates of the hybrid system, which is the dressed state of the hybrid system, we calculate the lifetime of one excitation, which characterizes the existence of quantum coherence in such hybrid systems and the basic quantum nature.
We theoretically investigate quantum Rabi oscillations in a system consisting of a two-level atom (qubit) strongly coupled to a one-dimensional open waveguide. In contrast to conventional cavity quantum electrodynamics, the qubit interacts with a continuum of propagating modes, which gives rise to fundamentally different dynamical behavior. Within the rotating-wave approximation, we express the multimode Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian in terms of collective bosonic operators and show that the system possesses two integrals of motion, enabling an exact diagonalization of the Hamiltonian in the single-excitation subspace. We show that for a strongly interacting qubit-photon system, the dynamics are captured by a reduced two-level model. In this framework, each level is defined as the product of the atomic excited state and a specific field mode, which takes the form of a multiphoton Fock-like state. In this picture, the Rabi oscillations represent a collective phenomenon corresponding to oscillations between multiphoton states differing by a single photon. We then extend our analysis to multiphoton processes in which the initial field is a coherent state with a continuous spectrum. In this case, the Rabi frequency is shown to be sensitive to the spectral profile of the function that generates the coherent state.
We study hybrid atom-molecule quantum walks in one-dimensional optical lattices with two interacting bosonic atoms which may be converted into a molecule. The hybrid atom-molecule energy bands include a continuum band and two isolated bands, which respectively correspond to scattering states and dressed bound states (DBSs). Because of the atom-molecule coupling, the DBSs may appear even in the absence of atom-atom interaction. From an initial state of two atoms occupying the same site, in addition to independent quantum walks which correspond to scattering states, correlated quantum walks appear as a signature of DBSs. Even if the atom-atom interaction and the atom-molecule coupling are much stronger than the tunneling strengths, independent quantum walks may still appear under certain resonant conditions. The correlated quantum walks show two light cones with different propagation velocities, which can be analytically explained by the effective tunneling strengths of the two different DBSs. Furthermore, the effective nearest-neighbor tunneling of DBSs can be suppressed to zero, which can be explained by the destructive interference between the atomic pair and the molecule.
We consider the coherent propagation of nnn photons in a one-dimensional coupled-resonator waveguide for n=2,3,4….n=2,3,4\dots{}.n=2,3,4…. The scattering by a three-level atom, which resides in one of the resonators of the waveguide and gives rise to only two-photon transitions, results in a perfect quantum switch that allows either total reflection or total transmission. This is to be contrasted to the case of a single photon inside a one-dimensional resonant waveguide scattered by a two-level system with single-photon transitions where only total reflection can be accomplished; viz. the system behaves only as a perfect mirror but not as an ideal, transparent medium.
Abstract We investigate a hybrid quantum system consisting of two coupled optical cavities, each containing an ensemble of coherently pumped artificial or real two-level atoms. The system is modelled within the dressed-state formalism, accounting for coherent driving and dissipative interactions with independent electromagnetic reservoirs. Focusing on the regime where the Rabi frequency greatly exceeds the collective spontaneous emission and cavity decay rates, respectively, we derive the equations of motion characterizing the system and analyse its steady-state behaviours. Special attention is given to the scenario in which only one cavity contains a pumped multi-atom ensemble, and as a consequence, coherent excitation transfer to the second cavity occurs via cavity–cavity coupling. In this case, the mean photon number in the second cavity mode scales proportional to the squared number of atoms, i.e., N2 from the first cavity. The proposed model offers insight into light–matter interaction in composite systems and suggests viable mechanisms for engineering collective interactions and non-local excitation transport in quantum optical platforms.
We investigate the single-photon propagation in the one-dimensional waveguide coupled to NNN two-level atoms. For a waveguide coupled to NNN distant atoms, the transparency can be induced by coherent interaction at resonance for an eveneveneven numbernumbernumber of NNN, while for an oddoddodd numbernumbernumber of NNN, the photon can be fully reflected. We then can switch the photon transport by controlling the atomic number. For a waveguide coupled to a small atomic ensemble of NNN atoms in the same position, the transparency disappears, and the photonic transport property displays a jump behavior near the resonance point.
We present a quantum theory for a fully coupled hybrid optomechanical system where all mutual couplings between a two-level atom, a confined photon mode, and a mechanical oscillator mode are considered. In such a configuration, new quantum interference effects and correlations arise due to the interplay and competition between the different physical interactions. We present an analytical diagonalization of the related fully coupled Hamiltonian, showing the nature and energy spectra of the tripartite dressed excitations. We determine the driven-dissipative dynamics of such hybrid systems and study phonon blockade effects under resonant excitation. We also study the statistical properties of the photon emission obtained under incoherent pumping of the two-level atom, which is particularly relevant for experiments with solid-state two-level emitters.