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arXiv:1004.0002 · Physical Review B

Static impurities in a supersolid of interacting hard-core bosons on a triangular lattice

Xue‐Feng Zhang, Yu-Chuan Wen, Sebastian Eggert

Published Dec 9, 2010• 13 citations

Abstract

We study the effect of impurities in a supersolid phase in comparison to the behavior in the solid and superfluid phases. A supersolid phase has been established for interacting hard-core bosons on a triangular lattice which may be realizable by ultracold atomic gases. Static vacancies are considered in this model which always lower the magnitude of the order parameter in the solid or superfluid phases. In the supersolid phase, however, the impurities directly affect both order parameters simultaneously and thereby reveal an interesting interplay between them. In particular, the solid order may be enhanced at the cost of a strong reduction in the superfluidity, which shows that the two order parameters cannot be in a simple superposition. We also observe an unusual impurity pinning effect in the solid ordered phase, which results in two distinct states separated by a first-order transition.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.82.220501

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We study the effect of impurities in a supersolid phase in comparison to the behavior in the solid and superfluid phases. A supersolid phase has been established for interacting hard-core bosons on a triangular lattice which may be realizable by ultracold atomic gases. Static vacancies are considered in this model which always lower the magnitude of the order parameter in the solid or superfluid phases. In the supersolid phase, however, the impurities directly affect both order parameters simultaneously and thereby reveal an interesting interplay between them. In particular, the solid order may be enhanced at the cost of a strong reduction in the superfluidity, which shows that the two order parameters cannot be in a simple superposition. We also observe an unusual impurity pinning effect in the solid ordered phase, which results in two distinct states separated by a first-order transition.

We determine the phase diagram of hard-core bosons on a triangular lattice with nearest-neighbor repulsion, paying special attention to the stability of the supersolid phase. Similar to the same model on a square lattice we find that for densities rho<1/3 or rho>2/3 a supersolid phase is unstable and the transition between a commensurate solid and the superfluid is of first order. At intermediate fillings 1/3<rho<2/3 we find an extended supersolid phase even at half filling rho=1/2. The emergence of the supersolid on the triangular lattice reflects a novel and interesting way for a quantum system to avoid classical frustration, similar to an order-by-disorder mechanism. It also offers an exciting possibility of realizing such phenomena in ultracold atoms on optical lattices.

Hard-core bosons on a triangular lattice with nearest-neighbor repulsion are a prototypical example of a system with supersolid behavior on a lattice. We show that in this model the physical origin of the supersolid phase can be understood quantitatively and analytically by constructing quasiparticle excitations of defects that are moving on an ordered background. The location of the solid to supersolid phase transition line is predicted from the effective model for both positive and negative (frustrated) hopping parameters. For positive hopping parameters the calculations agree very accurately with numerical quantum Monte Carlo simulations. The numerical results indicate that the supersolid to superfluid transition is first order.

We numerically demonstrate that a supersolid phase exists in a frustrated hard-core boson system on a triangular lattice over a wide range of interaction strength. In the infinite repulsion (Ising) limit, we establish a mapping to the same problem with unfrustrated hopping, which connects the supersolid to the known results in that case. The weak superfluidity can be destroyed or strongly enhanced by a next-nearest-neighbor hopping term, which provides valuable information for experimental realization of a supersolid phase on optical lattice. A phase diagram for the frustrated anisotropic Heisenberg model on triangular lattice is also established.

We study the boson model on a triangular lattice interacting only via on-site hardcore repulsion by mapping to a system of spins

(S = 1/2)

. We investigate the supersolid phase of the systems which is a state matter displaying both diagonal long- range (solid) order as well as off-diagonal long-range (superfluidity) by utilizing a semionic representation for the spin-XXZ model. We show that the supersolid order is stable in the mean-field theory for a broad region of parameters. The inclusion of spin wave corrections modifies this picture, but the supersolid phase is still quite robust on the triangular lattices.

We have systematically studied the hard-core Bose-Hubbard model with correlated hopping on a triangular lattice using the density-matrix renormalization group method. A rich ground-state phase diagram is determined. In this phase diagram there is a supersolid phase and a pair superfluid phase due to the interplay between the ordinary frustrated boson hopping and an unusual correlated hopping. In particular, we find that the quantum phase transition between the supersolid phase and the pair superfluid phase is continuous.