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arXiv:1002.1667

The Black-Scholes Equation and Certain Quantum Hamiltonians

Juan M. Romero, Oswaldo Gonzalez-Gaxiola, J. Ruiz de Chávez, Roberto Bernal-Jaquez

Published Feb 8, 2010• 8 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In this paper a quantum mechanics is built by means of a non-Hermitian momentum operator. We have shown that it is possible to construct two Hermitian and two non-Hermitian type of Hamiltonians using this momentum operator. We can construct a generalized supersymmetric quantum mechanics that has a dual based on these Hamiltonians. In addition, it is shown that the non-Hermitian Hamiltonians of this theory can be related to Hamiltonians that naturally arise in the so-called quantum finance.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1002.1667

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In this paper a quantum mechanics is built by means of a non-Hermitian momentum operator. We have shown that it is possible to construct two Hermitian and two non-Hermitian type of Hamiltonians using this momentum operator. We can construct a generalized supersymmetric quantum mechanics that has a dual based on these Hamiltonians. In addition, it is shown that the non-Hermitian Hamiltonians of this theory can be related to Hamiltonians that naturally arise in the so-called quantum finance.
The study of the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems within the framework of Supersymmetric Quantum mechanics (SUSY QM) has been carried out in literature in the last decade. Most of these potentials are either PT Symmetric or quasi-Hermitian in nature. But no formulation is advanced in literature to the study of general complex potentials within its framework. In this paper, using the complex phase space approach, we carry out the complexification of Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics to enable the study of any general non-Hermitian Hamiltonian system within its framework. The commutation relations among its operators are enumerated and the underlying symmetry is discussed. The eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the real and imaginary parts of superpartner Hamiltonians are also investigated.
The following paper tries to derive a Black-Scholes equation by using tools of quantum physics pertaining in that sense to Hamiltonian operator, path integrals, completeness equation, introducing ket and bra vectors. Schrodinger Hamiltonian is presented and compared to Black-Scholes-Schrodinger Hamiltonian. Similarity was demonstrated and it was proved that Schrodinger Hamiltonian was Hermitian while Black-Scholes Hamiltonian was anti-Hermitian. By using Schrodinger equation, price of option was implemented in the Schrodinger equation and by using Black-Scholes Hamiltonian. Black-Scholes equation was derived and a new and really powerful approach was demonstrated that could have immense application in the quantitative analysis and asset pricing.
This chapter attempts to delve deeper into the question on how quantum mechanical techniques can be brought closer into the realm of economics and finance. The (non-)Hermiticity of finance-based operators? Hermiticity of operators was discussed in Chapter 4 of the book. We again take up this very important concept in the context of financial asset pricing. It is a classical result from quantum mechanics that the existence of Hermiticity of the Hamiltonian operator is intimately linked with the notion of conservation of probability. The existence of Hermiticity is also known to be closely linked to the concept of spatial localization. Please see below. Baaquie [1] makes the important argument that the Black-Scholes Hamiltonian is non-Hermitian and this condition provides for the need to satisfy the martingale condition. Please recall that the martingale property was covered in Chapter 2, Section 2.9. It is also important to mention that Luigi Accardi has indicated that it is white noise which may be the cause of non-Hermiticity in a finance context. One can argue that within an economics/finance context, the equivalent of the state function, using Baaquie [1] [2], can be the option price function. A similar interpretation can also be found in the paper by Li and Zhang [3] (see also Haven [4]). Please note that the work of Li and Zhang is covered in Section 13.12 of this chapter.
The basic structure of quantum mechanics was delineated in the early days of the theory and has not been modified since.One of the fundamental assumptions used in formulating the theory is that operators are represented by Hermitian matrices.In recent years it has been shown that quantum mechanics can be formulated consistently without making this assumption, using instead a combination of the parity (P) and time-reversal (T) operators and a number of other requirements related to P and T .Only the case of even T has been analyzed in the literature; here we generalize the principles to include odd time-reversal.We use this generalization to construct a non-Hermitian version of the Dirac equation, and in doing so discover a new type of particle not allowed within the (Hermitian) Standard Model.Finally we present a potential application of the ideas of non-Hermitian quantum mechanics to the unsolved problems of quantum magnetism and high temperature superconductivity.