Phase transitions in dissipative quantum systems have been investigated using various analytical approaches, particularly in the mean-field (MF) limit. However, analytical results often depend on specific methodologies. For instance, the Keldysh formalism shows that the dissipative transverse Ising (DTI) model exhibits a discontinuous transition at the upper critical dimension,
dc=3; however, the fluctuationless MF approach shows that a continuous transition occurs in infinite dimensions (
d∞). Thus, analytical results must be confirmed by numerical verification. However, this may not be feasible owing to the exponential increase in computational complexity as
O(22N) with system size
N. However, if we assume that the spins are fully connected in infinite dimensions (
d∞), the spin indices are permutation-symmetric. This symmetry significantly reduces the complexity, to
O(N3). Using this symmetry, we simulate the DTI model on fully connected networks with large system sizes. Using finite-size scaling analysis, we show that the upper critical dimension of the DTI model is not
3 but a non-integer dimension
3.5; thus, the discontinuous transition that occurs at high dissipation strength is not an MF result, but is induced by fluctuation effects below
dc. We conclude that the DTI model with strong dissipation exhibits a continuous transition above
dc, as predicted using the fluctuationless MF approach, and we determine the critical exponents.
We investigate the finite-size scaling properties of the quantum phase transition in the one-dimensional quantum Ising model with periodic boundary conditions by representing the ground state in matrix product state forms. The infinite time-evolving block decimation technique is used to optimize the states. A trace over a product of the matrices multiplied as many times as the number of sites yields the finite-size effects. For sufficiently large Schmidt ranks, the finite-size scaling behavior determines the critical point and the critical exponents whose values are consistent with the analytical results.
We have adjusted the density-matrix renormalization method to handle two-dimensional systems of limited width. The key ingredient for this extension is the incorporation of symmetries in the method. The advantage of our approach is that we can force certain symmetry properties to the resulting ground-state wave function. Combining the results obtained for system sizes up to $30\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}6$ and finite-size scaling, we derive the phase-transition point and the critical exponent for the gap in the Ising model in a transverse field on a two-dimensional square lattice.
Ising model has been successful in describing ferromagnetism and its phase transition to paramagnet. At the critical point, the free energy density function and its derivatives diverge. Their behaviour near the critical point are described by power-laws with associated critical exponents. In many cases, the critical exponents can be determined from analytic solutions via conventional renormalization groups methods or from Monte Carlo simulations. However, for quantum many-body systems, very few are tractable to analytical solutions. The quantum many-body wavefunction belongs to large dimensional Hilbert space that increases exponentially with system size. If the Hamiltonian is gapped and only local interaction is considered, then the wavefunction can be efficiently truncated. Tensor Network formalism provides a scheme to truncate the less important degrees of freedom via Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of the density matrix. In this study, we investigated the thermodynamic properties and phase transition of one-dimensional transverse-field quantum Ising model (1D-tQIM) under the finite-size effect and random coupling strength. Starting with Matrix Product States (MPS) as a wavefunction ansatz, the Density Matrix Renormalization Group algorithm is applied to the MPS. The variational algorithm, which iteratively performs SVDs and truncation at each bond, approximates the ground state MPS wavefunction. All quantum observables are calculated from the contraction of the resultant ground state MPS. Although theoretically, divergence at critical points only happen in an infinite system, one can obtain the critical exponents through simulation of finite-size 1D-tQIM. Using the analytic solution as a benchmark, we compared the finite-size effects of the system using finite-size scaling analysis and MPS methods. The critical exponents of 1D-tQIM are independently calculated and compared with the analytical results. Thermodynamic quantities such as magnetization, susceptibility and correlation function are calculated for system sizes of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 spins. We determined the respective critical exponents:
A real-space renormalization-group treatment of random transverse-field Ising spin chains that was introduced previously is developed and extensively analyzed. It yields results that are asymptotically exact in the critical region near the zero-temperature para-to-ferromagnetic quantum phase transition. In particular, the exact scaling function is obtained for the magnetization as a function of a uniform applied magnetic field and the distance to the critical point, and up to the solution of a linear ordinary differential equation whose solution can be exhaustively analyzed, the scaling function of the average spin-spin correlation function is also obtained. Thus more exact information is obtainable about the critical behavior for this random model than is known for the pure version which is equivalent to the two-dimensional Ising model. The basic reason for this is the extremely broad distribution of energy scales that occurs at low energies near the critical point of the random system. For the random chain the distribution of the magnetization of the first spin in a semi-infinite system is also studied and the results found to agree in the scaling limit with results of McCoy obtained from the exact solution of the closely related McCoy-Wu Ising model; this provides strong justification for the validity of the present approach. The singular properties of the weakly ordered and weakly disordered ``Griffiths' phases'' that occur at zero temperature near the critical point are also studied, as well as the behavior at low but nonzero temperature. Possible extensions of the results and general lessons drawn from them for other random systems are briefly discussed.
The infinite-disorder fixed point of the random transverse-field Ising model is expected to control the critical behavior of a large class of random quantum and stochastic systems having an order parameter with discrete symmetry. Here we study the model on the square lattice with a very efficient numerical implementation of the strong disorder renormalization group method, which makes us possible to treat finite samples of linear size up to
L=2048. We have calculated sample dependent pseudocritical points and studied their distribution, which is found to be characterized by the same shift and width exponent: $\ensuremath{\nu}=1.24(2)$. For different types of disorder the infinite-disorder fixed point is shown to be characterized by the same set of critical exponents, for which we have obtained improved estimates:
x=0.982(15) and $\ensuremath{\psi}=0.48(2)$. We have also studied the scaling behavior of the magnetization in the vicinity of the critical point as well as dynamical scaling in the ordered and disordered Griffiths phases.