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arXiv:0911.5656 · Physical Review A

Fast production of ultracold sodium gases using light-induced desorption and optical trapping

Emmanuel Mimoun, L. De Sarlo, David Jacob, Jean Dalibard, Fabrice Gerbier

Published Feb 26, 2010• 33 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In this article we report on the production of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of $^{23}\mathrm{Na}$ using light-induced desorption as an atomic source. We load about $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}$ atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) from this source with a $~6$ s loading time constant. The MOT lifetime can be kept around $27$ s by turning off the desorbing light after loading. We show that the pressure drops down by a factor of 40 in less than $100$ ms after the extinction of the desorbing light, restoring the low background pressure for evaporation. Using this technique, a BEC with ${10}^{4}$ atoms is produced after a $6$ s evaporation in an optical dipole trap.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.81.023631

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We report on the production of a rubidium Bose-Einstein condensate in a simplified vacuum apparatus. Magneto-optical traps with large numbers and ultra-high vacuum for moderately long conservative trap lifetimes of 16 seconds are sequentially obtained with light induced rapid atomic vapor pressure modulation. Subsequent evaporative cooling is carried out in two stages in a hybrid magnetic quadrupole plus optical dipole trap. High evaporation efficiencies are observed in both stages and 87^{87}87Rb BECs with more than 105^55 atoms can be reliably produced with total evaporation time of only 9.5 seconds.
We report studies of photon-stimulated desorption, also known as light-induced atomic desorption, of sodium atoms from a vacuum-cell glass surface used for loading a magneto-optical trap (MOT). Fluorescence detection was used to record the trapped atom number and the desorption rate. We observed a steep wavelength dependence of the desorption process above 2.6eV2.6 \mathrm{eV}2.6eV photon energy, a result significant for estimations of sodium vapor density in the lunar atmosphere. Our data fit well to a simple model for the loading of the MOT dependent only on the sodium desorption rate and residual gas density. Up to $3.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}$ Na atoms were confined under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions, creating promising loading conditions for a vapor-cell-based atomic Bose-Einstein condensate of sodium.
Abstract We present an experiment for quickly producing Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) of 23 Na atoms in a simple crossed dipole trap. The atoms were collected in a magneto-optical trap from a zero-crossing Zeeman slower. The atoms are then transferred to a tightly focused crossed optical dipole trap, and a pure F = 1 BEC of ∼1.1 × 10 5 sodium atoms was created by a fast forced evaporation. Our system reliably generates the condensate at a rate exceeding 10 5 atoms every ∼8 s. We also compare the lifetimes of the mixed F = 1 condensate and the spin components ( m F = 0, m F = +1).
We present a compact source of cold sodium atoms suitable for the production of quantum degenerate gases and versatile for a multi-species experiment. The magnetic field produced by permanent magnets allows to simultaneously realize a Zeeman slower and a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap (MOT) within an order of magnitude smaller length than standard sodium sources. We achieve an atomic flux exceeding 4 × 10(9) atoms/s loaded in a MOT, with a most probable longitudinal velocity of 20 m/s, and a brightness larger than 2.5 × 10(12) atoms/s/sr. This atomic source allows us to produce pure Bose-Einstein condensates with more than 10(7) atoms and a background pressure limited lifetime of 5 min.
In this work we constructed an experimental system to realize a BEC of sodium atoms. In the first part of the work, we study two atomic sources in order to choose the most suitable for our system. The comparison between a Zeeman slower and a bidimensional magnetooptical trap (2D-MOT) was performed to evaluate the capacity of producing an appropiate flux of atoms in order to load a tridimensional magneto-optical trap (3D-MOT). The experimental results show that the 2D-MOT is as efficient as the Zeeman slower with the advantage of being more compact and easier to operate, and for these reasons we choose it as our source of cold atoms. After this, the experimental apparatus to produce a Bose-Einstein condensate was constructed and characterized. With this experimental system we realized all the required stages to achieve the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). Initially, we characterized and compared the performance between the Bright-MOT and Dark-SPOT MOT of sodium atoms, observing the great advantages this last configuration offers. Afterward, we implemented the experimental sequence for the achivement of the BEC of sodium atoms. After the optical molasses process, the atoms are tranferred to an optically plugged quadrupole trap (OPT) where the process of evaporative cooling is performed. With this setup, we achive a sodium BEC with ∼ 5×105 atoms and a critical temperature of ∼ 1.1 μK. Finally, with the constructed and characterized machine, we started to perform experiments of cooperative absorption of two photons by two trapped atoms. With the new system, we wanted to take advantage of the higher densities in the magnetic trap and BEC to explore some features of this phenomenon in the classical and quantum regimes. We were interested in exploring some features of this nonlinear light-matter interaction effect. The idea of having two or more photons interacting with two or more atoms is the beginning of a new possible class of phenomena that we could call many photons-many body intercation. In this new possibity, photons and atoms will be fully correlated, introducing new aspects of interactions.
We have obtained fast loading of a rubidium magneto-optical trap and very high collection efficiency by capturing the atoms desorbed by a light flash from a polydimethylsiloxane film deposited on the internal surface of a cell. The atoms are trapped with an effective loading time of about 65 ms at a loading rate greater than $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{8}$ atoms per second. This rate is larger than the values reported in literature and is obtained by preserving a long lifetime of the trapped atoms. This lifetime exceeds the filling time by nearly two orders of magnitude. Trap loading by light-induced desorption from siloxane compounds can be very effectively applied to store and trap a large number of atoms in the case of very weak atomic flux or extremely low vapor density. It can be also effectively used for fast production of ultracold atoms.