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arXiv:0911.5308 · Journal of the Optical Society of America B

NOON states from cavity-enhanced down-conversion: high quality and super-resolution

Florian Wolfgramm, Alessandro Ceré, Morgan W. Mitchell

Published Mar 9, 2010• 21 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Indistinguishable photons play a key role in quantum optical information technologies. We characterize the output of an ultrabright photon-pair source using multiparticle tomography [R. B. A. Adamson et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.98, 043601 (2007)] and separately identify coherent errors, decoherence, and distinguishability. We demonstrate generation of high-quality indistinguishable pairs and two-photon polarization-entangled states with 99% fidelity. Using such a state we perform a super-resolving angular measurement with 90% visibility.

DOI
10.1364/josab.27.000a25

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Indistinguishable photons play a key role in quantum optical information technologies. We characterize the output of an ultrabright photon-pair source using multiparticle tomography [R. B. A. Adamson et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.98, 043601 (2007)] and separately identify coherent errors, decoherence, and distinguishability. We demonstrate generation of high-quality indistinguishable pairs and two-photon polarization-entangled states with 99% fidelity. Using such a state we perform a super-resolving angular measurement with 90% visibility.
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Abstract Single-photon sources based on semiconductor quantum dots find several applications in quantum information processing due to their high single-photon indistinguishability, on-demand generation, and low multiphoton emission. In this context, the generation of entangled photons represents a challenging task with a possible solution relying on the interference in probabilistic gates of identical photons emitted at different pulses from the same source. In this work, we implement this approach via a simple and compact design that generates entangled photon pairs in the polarization degree of freedom. We operate the proposed platform with single photons produced through two different pumping schemes, the resonant excited one and the longitudinal-acoustic phonon-assisted configuration. We then characterize the produced entangled two-photon states by developing a complete model taking into account relevant experimental parameters, such as the second-order correlation function, Hong–Ou–Mandel visibility, multiphoton emission and pump laser filtering. Our source shows long-term stability and high quality of the generated entangled states, thus constituting a reliable building block for optical quantum technologies.
An outstanding goal in quantum optics and scalable photonic quantum technology is to develop a source that each time emits one and only one entangled photon pair with simultaneously high entanglement fidelity, extraction efficiency, and photon indistinguishability. By coherent two-photon excitation of a single InGaAs quantum dot coupled to a circular Bragg grating bull's-eye cavity with a broadband high Purcell factor of up to 11.3, we generate entangled photon pairs with a state fidelity of 0.90(1), pair generation rate of 0.59(1), pair extraction efficiency of 0.62(6), and photon indistinguishability of 0.90(1) simultaneously. Our work will open up many applications in high-efficiency multiphoton experiments and solid-state quantum repeaters.
Multi-photon entangled states such as `N00N states' have attracted a lot of attention because of their possible application in high-precision phase measurements. So far, N00N states have been generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion sources and by mixing quantum and classical light on a beam splitter. However, single-photon on demand sources promise to be more efficient and scalable than down-conversion sources which are probabilistic in nature. Here, we demonstrate super-resolving phase measurements based on two-photon N00N states generated by a quantum dot single-photon source utilizing the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect on a beam splitter. The quantum dot was excited through a two-photon resonant excitation scheme. Using a πππ-pulse, this results in the deterministic generation of indistinguishable single photons from both, the biexciton and exciton radiative recombination processes. Launching either type of the photons into both inputs of an interferometer, phase super-resolution, i.e. an interference fringe spacing with doubled rate relative to the single photon rate has been observed for both transitions. Interference visibilities of VN=2,XX=0.54±0.01V_{N=2,\mathit{XX}}=0.54\pm0.01VN=2,XX​=0.54±0.01 for the biexciton and VN=2,X=0.46±0.02V_{N=2,\mathit{X}}=0.46\pm0.02VN=2,X​=0.46±0.02 for the exciton transition have been obtained, respectively.