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arXiv:0911.4491

Measurement of Spin Projection Noise in Broadband Atomic Magnetometry

Marco Koschorreck, M. Napolitano, B. Dubost, Morgan W. Mitchell

Published Nov 24, 2009• 1 citation
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Abstract

We measure the sensitivity of a broadband atomic magnetometer using quantum non-demolition spin measurements. A cold, dipole-trapped sample of rubidium atoms provides a long-lived spin system in a non-magnetic environment, and is probed non-destructively by paramagnetic Faraday rotation. The calibration procedure employs a known reference state, the maximum-entropy or 'thermal' spin state and quantitative imaging-based atom counting to identify electronic, quantum, and technical noise in both the probe and spin system. The measurement achieves sensitivity 2.8 dB better than the projection noise level (6dB better if optical noise is suppressed) and will enable squeezing-enhanced broadband magnetometry [Geremia, et al. PRL 94, 203002 (2005)].

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.0911.4491

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We measure the sensitivity of a broadband atomic magnetometer using quantum non-demolition spin measurements. A cold, dipole-trapped sample of rubidium atoms provides a long-lived spin system in a non-magnetic environment, and is probed non-destructively by paramagnetic Faraday rotation. The calibration procedure employs a known reference state, the maximum-entropy or 'thermal' spin state and quantitative imaging-based atom counting to identify electronic, quantum, and technical noise in both the probe and spin system. The measurement achieves sensitivity 2.8 dB better than the projection noise level (6dB better if optical noise is suppressed) and will enable squeezing-enhanced broadband magnetometry [Geremia, et al. PRL 94, 203002 (2005)].
We demonstrate sub-projection-noise sensitivity of a broadband atomic magnetometer using quantum nondemolition spin measurements. A cold, dipole-trapped sample of rubidium atoms provides a long-lived spin system in a nonmagnetic environment, and is probed nondestructively by paramagnetic Faraday rotation. The calibration procedure employs as known reference state, the maximum-entropy or "thermal" spin state, and quantitative imaging-based atom counting to identify electronic, quantum, and technical noise in both the probe and spin system. The measurement achieves a sensitivity 1.6 dB (2.8 dB) better than projection-noise (thermal state quantum noise) and will enable squeezing-enhanced broadband magnetometry.
Quantum metrology uses quantum features such as entanglement and squeezing to improve the sensitivity of quantum-limited measurements. Long established as a valuable technique in optical measurements such as gravitational-wave detection, quantum metrology is increasingly being applied to atomic instruments such as matter-wave interferometers, atomic clocks, and atomic magnetometers. Several of these new applications involve dual optical/atomic quantum systems, presenting both new challenges and new opportunities. Here we describe an optical magnetometry system that achieves both shot-noise-limited and projection-noise-limited performance, allowing study of optical magnetometry in a fully-quantum regime [1]. By near-resonant Faraday rotation probing, we demonstrate measurement-based spin squeezing in a magnetically-sensitive atomic ensemble [2-4]. The versatility of this system allows us also to design metrologically-relevant optical nonlinearities, and to perform quantum-noise-limited measurements with interacting photons. As a first interaction-based measurement [5], we implement a non-linear metrology scheme proposed by Boixo et al. with the surprising feature of precision scaling better than the 1/N “Heisenberg limit” [6].
espanolSe describe nuestro mas reciente trabajo en metrologia cuantica usando sistemas atomicos y fotonicos para medir con una sensibilidad por encima del limite cuantico estandar, es decir, por encima de el limite impuesto por el ruido de disparo y el ruido de proyeccion. Demostramos dos sistemas de magnetometria optica que emplean atomos de rubidio como sensores del campo, leyendo opticamente los atomos por la rotacion de Faraday. El primero, formado por atomos calientes, opera mas alla del limite de la sensibilidad por el ruido de disparo, usando como haz de prueba luz polarizada comprimida. El segundo, un magnetometro de atomos frios de siguiente generacion, opera con principios similares pero con un alto control en los atomos. Demostramos medidas cuanticas no destructivas del espin colectivo de la nube de atomos y que estan en el limite de la sensibilidad tanto del ruido de disparo como del ruido de proyeccion. EnglishWe describe our recent work in quantum metrology using atomic and photonic systems for measurements with sensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit, e.g., beyond the shot-noise and projection-noise limits. We demonstrate two optical magnetometry systems using rubidium atoms as field sensors, with optical read-out by paramagnetic Faraday rotation. Our hot-atom magnetometer operates beyond the shot-noise limit of sensitivity using a polarization-squeezed optical probe. Our next-generation cold-atom magnetometer operates on similar principles but with much greater atomic control. We demonstrate quantum-non-demolition measurement of the collective spin of the atom cloud at both the shot-noise and projection-noise limits of sensitivity