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arXiv:0910.3222 · APS

Bose-Einstein Condensation of 84-Sr

Y. N. Martinez de Escobar, Pascal G. Mickelson, Mi Yan, B. J. DeSalvo, Sarah Nagel, T. C. Killian

Published Oct 16, 2009• 15 citations
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Abstract

We report Bose-Einstein condensation of (84)Sr in an optical dipole trap. Efficient laser cooling on the narrow intercombination line and an ideal s-wave scattering length allow the creation of large condensates (N(0) approximately 3 x 10(5)) even though the natural abundance of this isotope is only 0.6%. Condensation is heralded by the emergence of a low-velocity component in time-of-flight images.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.0910.3222

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We report Bose-Einstein condensation of (84)Sr in an optical dipole trap. Efficient laser cooling on the narrow intercombination line and an ideal s-wave scattering length allow the creation of large condensates (N(0) approximately 3 x 10(5)) even though the natural abundance of this isotope is only 0.6%. Condensation is heralded by the emergence of a low-velocity component in time-of-flight images.
We report Bose-Einstein condensation of 84Sr^{84}\mathrm{Sr}84Sr in an optical dipole trap. Efficient laser cooling on the narrow intercombination line and an ideal sss-wave scattering length allow the creation of large condensates (${N}_{0}\ensuremath{\sim}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}$) even though the natural abundance of this isotope is only 0.6%. Condensation is heralded by the emergence of a low-velocity component in time-of-flight images.
We report on the attainment of Bose-Einstein condensation with ultracold strontium atoms. We use the (84)Sr isotope, which has a low natural abundance but offers excellent scattering properties for evaporative cooling. Accumulation in a metastable state using a magnetic-trap, narrowline cooling, and straightforward evaporative cooling in an optical trap lead to pure condensates containing 1.5 x 10(5) atoms. This puts (84)Sr in a prime position for future experiments on quantum-degenerate gases involving atomic two-electron systems.
We report on the attainment of Bose-Einstein condensation of 86Sr^{86}\mathrm{Sr}86Sr. This isotope has a scattering length of about +800a0+800{a}_{0}+800a0​ and thus suffers from fast three-body losses. To avoid detrimental atom loss, evaporative cooling is performed at low densities around $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{12}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ in a large volume optical dipole trap. We obtain almost pure condensates of $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{3}$ atoms.
We report the observation of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a bosonic isotope of ytterbium (170Yb)(^{170}\mathrm{Yb})(170Yb). More than 106{10}^{6}106 atoms are trapped in a crossed optical dipole trap and cooled by evaporation. Condensates of approximately 104{10}^{4}104 atoms have been obtained. From an expansion of the condensate, we have extracted the scattering length ${a}_{170}=3.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$.
We report Bose-Einstein condensation of 88Sr^{88}\mathrm{Sr}88Sr, which has a small, negative sss-wave scattering length (${a}_{88}=\ensuremath{-}2{a}_{0}$). We overcome the poor evaporative cooling characteristics of this isotope by sympathetic cooling with 87Sr^{87}\mathrm{Sr}87Sr atoms. 87Sr^{87}\mathrm{Sr}87Sr is effective in this role despite the fact that it is a fermion because of the large ground-state degeneracy arising from a nuclear spin of I=9/2I=9/2I=9/2, which reduces the impact of Pauli blocking of collisions. We observe a limited number of atoms in the condensate (${N}_{\mathrm{max}}\ensuremath{\approx}{10}^{4}$) that is consistent with the value of a88{a}_{88}a88​ and the optical dipole trap parameters.
We report on the generation of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a gas of chromium atoms, which have an exceptionally large magnetic dipole moment and therefore underlie anisotropic long-range interactions. The preparation of the chromium condensate requires novel cooling strategies that are adapted to its special electronic and magnetic properties. The final step to reach quantum degeneracy is forced evaporative cooling of 52Cr atoms within a crossed optical dipole trap. At a critical temperature of T(c) approximately 700 nK, we observe Bose-Einstein condensation by the appearance of a two-component velocity distribution. We are able to produce almost pure condensates with more than 50,000 condensed 52Cr atoms.