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arXiv:0709.3068 · Physical Review A

Bose-Einstein condensation of an ytterbium isotope

Takeshi Fukuhara, Seiji Sugawa, Yoshiro Takahashi

Published Nov 15, 2007• 125 citations
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Abstract

We report the observation of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a bosonic isotope of ytterbium $(^{170}\mathrm{Yb})$. More than ${10}^{6}$ atoms are trapped in a crossed optical dipole trap and cooled by evaporation. Condensates of approximately ${10}^{4}$ atoms have been obtained. From an expansion of the condensate, we have extracted the scattering length ${a}_{170}=3.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.76.051604

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We report the observation of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a bosonic isotope of ytterbium (170Yb)(^{170}\mathrm{Yb})(170Yb). More than 106{10}^{6}106 atoms are trapped in a crossed optical dipole trap and cooled by evaporation. Condensates of approximately 104{10}^{4}104 atoms have been obtained. From an expansion of the condensate, we have extracted the scattering length a170=3.6\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.9nm{a}_{170}=3.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}a170​=3.6\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.9nm.
We report on the attainment of Bose-Einstein condensation of 86Sr^{86}\mathrm{Sr}86Sr. This isotope has a scattering length of about +800a0+800{a}_{0}+800a0​ and thus suffers from fast three-body losses. To avoid detrimental atom loss, evaporative cooling is performed at low densities around $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{12}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ in a large volume optical dipole trap. We obtain almost pure condensates of $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{3}$ atoms.
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We report the observation of a Bose-Einstein condensation of ytterbium atoms by evaporative cooling in a novel crossed optical trap. Unlike the previously observed condensates, a ytterbium condensate is a two-electron system in a singlet state and has distinct features such as the extremely narrow intercombination transitions which are ideal for future optical frequency standard and the insensitivity to external magnetic field which is important for precision coherent atom optics, and the existence of the novel metastable triplet states generated by optical excitation from the singlet state.
We describe in detail our recent experiments on quantum degenerate gases of ytterbium (Yb) atoms. Up to now Bose–Einstein condensates of 174 Yb and 170 Yb, and a Fermi degenerate gas of 173 Yb have been realized by efficient evaporative cooling in a crossed far-off resonant trap. Our studies showed that the efficient escape from the trap and rapid thermalization are important for efficient evaporative cooling. We also describe some recent experiments using Yb Bose–Einstein condensates such as the achievement of a scalar atom laser, the observation of an optical coherent transient, and successful loading into an optical lattice. Finally, the future prospects using Yb quantum degenerate gases are discussed in detail.
We have achieved Bose-Einstein condensation of rubidium (87Rb) and ytterbium (174Yb) atoms by optical trapping method. After collecting the atoms in the magneto-optical trap, we have performed evaporative cooling for the atoms in the optical trap. The Time-Of-Flight signals clearly showed the anisotropic expansion of the atom cloud, which is the evidence of the formation of the condensates. Along with these our works, we review the recent experiments on Bose-Einstein condensation with optical trapping method.
Quantum degenerate gases of alkaline-earth-like atoms are unique systems used for quantum simulation, quantum computing and studies of quantum phase transitions. We report an all-optical formation of Bose—Einstein condensates of ytterbium atoms. About 10 6 atoms of 174 Yb are transferred to a far-off-resonance optical trap (FORT) and then cooled by evaporative cooling. Phase transition occurs at the critical temperature of 520 nK. A pure condensate containing approximately 2 × 10 4 atoms has been obtained in the crossed FORT, with an atomic peak density of ∼8 × 10 14 cm −3 . The condensate lifetime exceeds 1 s.