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arXiv:0909.4864 · Optics Letters

Strong couplings between artificial atoms and terahertz cavities

Minnan Zhang, H. Y. Jia, Jianhua Huang, L. F. Wei

Published May 13, 2010• 9 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

An electron floating on liquid helium is proposed to be trapped (by a microelectrode set below the liquid helium) in a high-finesse terahertz (THz) cavity. The two lowest levels of the vertical motion of the electron act as a two-level "atom," which could resonantly interact with the THz cavity, and thus the famous Jaynes-Cummings model (JCM) and driven JCM could be implemented. The numerical results show that, for the typical parameters of the cavity and electrons on the surface of liquid helium, strong coupling between the artificial atom and the THz cavity could be obtained.

DOI
10.1364/ol.35.001686

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An electron floating on liquid helium is proposed to be trapped (by a microelectrode set below the liquid helium) in a high-finesse terahertz (THz) cavity. The two lowest levels of the vertical motion of the electron act as a two-level "atom," which could resonantly interact with the THz cavity, and thus the famous Jaynes-Cummings model (JCM) and driven JCM could be implemented. The numerical results show that, for the typical parameters of the cavity and electrons on the surface of liquid helium, strong coupling between the artificial atom and the THz cavity could be obtained.
Jaynes-Cummings model is a typical model in quantum optics and has been realized with various physical systems [e.g, cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), trapped ions, circuit QED, etc.] of two-level atoms interacting with quantized bosonic fields. Here, we propose an implementation of this model by using a single classical laser beam to drive an electron floating on liquid helium. Two lowest levels of the vertical motion of the electron act as a two-level ``atom'' and the quantized vibration of the electron along one of the parallel directions, e.g., xxx direction, serves as the bosonic mode. These two degrees of freedom of the trapped electron can be coupled together by using a classical laser field. If the frequencies of the applied laser fields are properly set, the desirable Jaynes-Cummings models could be effectively realized.
We propose an approach to entangle spins of electrons floating on liquid helium by coherently manipulating their spin-orbit interactions. The configuration consists of single electrons, confined individually on liquid helium by the microelectrodes, moving along the surface as the harmonic oscillators. It has been known that the spin of an electron could be coupled to its orbit (i.e., the vibrational motion) by properly applying a magnetic field. Based on this single electron spin-orbit coupling, here we show that a Jaynes-Cummings (JC) type interaction between the spin of an electron and the orbit of another electron at a distance could be realized via the strong Coulomb interaction between the electrons. Consequently, the proposed JC interaction could be utilized to realize a strong orbit-mediated spin-spin coupling and implement the desirable quantum information processing between the distant electrons trapped individually on liquid helium.
Abstract Surface-state electrons floating on liquid Helium have been served as one of the great potential experimental platforms to implement quantum computation, wherein the qubits are usually encoded by either the lowest two levels of the vertical vibrations (i.e., Hydrogen-like atoms) or the electronic spins. Given the relevant operations require additional techniques, such as the corresponding millimeter-wave or magnetic field manipulations, here we investigate how to implement the scalable quantum computation with a trapped electron array by alternatively using the usual centimeter-wave manipulating techniques. This is because the eigenfrequency of the present qubit, encoded by the two lowest levels of the lateral vibration of the trapped electron, is limited in the centimeter-wave band. We show that, by biasing the electrodes properly and driving the coplanar waveguide transmission line resonator, the electrons can be individually trapped in a series of anharmonic potentials on liquid Helium. Therefore, the well-developed circuit quantum electrodynamics technique for the implementation of superconducting quantum computation can be conveniently utilized here in the present quantum computing platform (proposed firstly in Phys Rev Lett 105:040503, 2010, to implement the fundamental logic gates, typically such as the single-qubit rotations of the individually addressable trapped electrons, the switchable two-qubit manipulations between the electrons trapped in the distant traps, and also the high-fidelity readouts of the target qubits. The feasibility of the proposal is also discussed by numerical simulations.
A quasi-two-dimensional set of electrons (1 < N < 10(9)) in vacuum, trapped in one-dimensional hydrogenic levels above a micrometer-thick film of liquid helium, is proposed as an easily manipulated strongly interacting set of quantum bits. Individual electrons are laterally confined by micrometer-sized metal pads below the helium. Information is stored in the lowest hydrogenic levels. With electric fields, at temperatures of 10(-2) kelvin, changes in the wave function can be made in nanoseconds. Wave function coherence times are 0.1 millisecond. The wave function is read out with an inverted dc voltage, which releases excited electrons from the surface.
We present a scheme for the preparation of one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) cluster states with electrons trapped on a liquid helium surface and driven by a classical laser beam. The two lowest levels of the vertical motion of the electron act as a two-level system, and the quantized vibration of the electron along one of the parallel directions (the x direction) serves as the bosonic mode. The degrees of freedom of the vertical and parallel motions of the trapped electron can be coupled together by a classical laser field. With the proper frequency of the laser field, the cluster states can be realized.
We present exact numerical solutions of the damped-driven Jaynes-Cummings model adapted to describe absorptive optical bistability in the limit of a few atoms strongly coupled to a high-finesse resonator.We show that the simplifying semiclassical result for many physical quantities of interest is well reproduced by the quantum model including even with only a few atoms in the strongly coupled system.Non-trivial atom-field quantum cross-correlations show up in the strong-driving limit.(Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal)