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arXiv:0907.1474 · Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment

Numerical investigation of the ageing of the fully frustratedXYmodel

Jean‐Charles Walter, Christophe Chatelain

Published Oct 22, 2009• 9 citations
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Abstract

We study the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the fully frustrated XY model. At equilibrium, this model undergoes two phase transitions at two very close temperatures: a Kosterlitz–Thouless topological transition and a second-order phase transition between a paramagnetic phase and a low-temperature phase where the chiralities of the lattice plaquettes are antiferromagnetically ordered. We compute by means of Monte Carlo simulations two-time spin–spin and chirality–chirality autocorrelation and response functions. From the dynamics of the spin waves in the low-temperature phase, we extract the temperature-dependent exponent η. We provide evidence for logarithmic corrections above the Kosterlitz–Thouless temperature and interpret them as a manifestation of free topological defects. Our estimates of the autocorrelation exponent and the fluctuation-dissipation ratio differ from the XY values, while η( T KT ) lies at the boundary of the error bar. Indications for logarithmic corrections at the second-order critical temperature are presented. However, the coupling between angles and chiralities is still strong and explains why the autocorrelation exponent and fluctuation-dissipation ratio are far from the Ising values and seem stable.

DOI
10.1088/1742-5468/2009/10/p10017

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We study the dynamics of the critical two-dimensional fully frustrated Ising model by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The dynamical exponent is estimated at equilibrium and is shown to be compatible with the value z c = 2. In a second step, the system is prepared in the paramagnetic phase and then quenched at its critical temperature T c = 0. Numerical evidence for the existence of logarithmic corrections in the ageing regime is presented. These corrections may be related to the topological defects observed in other fully frustrated models. The autocorrelation exponent is estimated to be λ = d as for the Ising chain quenched at T c = 0.
We study the phase diagram and critical behaviour of the two-dimensional square-lattice fully frustrated XY model (FFXY) and of two related models, a lattice discretization of the Landau–Ginzburg–Wilson Hamiltonian for the critical modes of the FFXY model, and a coupled Ising XY model. We present a finite-size-scaling analysis of the results of high-precision Monte Carlo simulations on L × L square lattices, up to L = O (10 3 ). In the FFXY model and in the other models, when the transitions are continuous, there are two very close but separate transitions. There is an Ising chiral transition characterized by the onset of chiral long-range order while spins remain paramagnetic. Then, as temperature decreases, the systems undergo a Kosterlitz–Thouless spin transition to a phase with quasi-long-range order. The FFXY model and the other models, in a rather large parameter region, show a crossover behaviour at the chiral and spin transitions that is universal to some extent. We conjecture that this universal behaviour is due to a multicritical point. The numerical data suggest that the relevant multicritical point is a zero-temperature transition. A possible candidate is the O(4) point that controls the low-temperature behaviour of the 4-vector model.
We study the phase diagram of the two-dimensional fully frustrated XY model (FFXY) and of two related models, a lattice discretization of the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson Hamiltonian for the critical modes of the FFXY model, and a coupled Ising-XY model. We present Monte Carlo simulations on square lattices L × L , L ≲ 10 3 . We show that the low-temperature phase of these models is controlled by the same line of Gaussian fixed points as in the standard XY model. We find that, if a model undergoes a unique transition by varying temperature, then the transition is of first order. In the opposite case we observe two very close transitions: a transition associated with the spin degrees of freedom and, as temperature increases, a transition where chiral modes become critical. If they are continuous, they belong to the Kosterlitz-Thouless and to the Ising universality class, respectively. Ising and Kosterlitz-Thouless behavior is observed only after a preasymptotic regime, which is universal to some extent. In the chiral case, the approach is nonmonotonic for most observables, and there is a wide region in which finite-size scaling is controlled by an effective exponent ν eff ≈ 0.8. This explains the result ν ≈ 0.8 of many previous studies using smaller lattices.
Critical properties of the fully frustrated XY models on square and triangular lattices are investigated by means of the nonequilibrium relaxation (NER) method. We examine the validity of the conclusion on the universality class of the chiral transition previously obtained by the NER method, in which that belongs to a non-Ising-type one. To clarify it, we analyze the NER of fluctuations for longer Monte Carlo steps on lager lattices than those performed previously. The calculation is made at the chiral transition temperatures estimated carefully by the use of recently improved dynamical scaling analysis. The result indicates that the asymptotic behavior of the time-dependent exponents, which should converge to the critical exponents, show the same tendency as those obtained previously in shorter times. We also apply the improved dynamical scaling analysis to the estimation of Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) transitions and confirm the existence of the double transitions for the chiral and KT phases with more reliable estimations.
Monte Carlo simulations of the two-dimensional XY model are performed in a square geometry with various boundary conditions (BC). Using conformal mappings we deduce the exponent η σ ( T ) of the order parameter correlation function and its surface analogue η ∥ ( T ) as a function of the temperature in the critical (low-temperature) phase of the model. The temperature dependence of both exponents is obtained numerically with a good accuracy up to the Kosterlitz–Thouless transition temperature. The bulk exponent follows from simulations of correlation functions with periodic boundary conditions or order parameter profiles with open boundary conditions and with symmetry breaking surface fields. At very low temperatures, η σ ( T ) is found in pretty good agreement with the linear temperature-dependence of Berezinskii's spin-wave approximation. We also show some evidence that there are no noticeable logarithmic corrections to the behaviour of the order parameter density profile at the Kosterlitz–Thouless (KT) transition temperature, while these corrections exist for the correlation function. At the KT transition the value η σ ( T KT ) = 1/4 is accurately recovered. The exponent associated with the surface correlations is similarly obtained after a slight modification of the boundary conditions: the correlation function is computed with free BC, and the profile with mixed fixed–free BC. It exhibits a monotonic behaviour with temperature, starting linearly according to the spin-wave approximation and increasing up to a value η ∥ ( T KT ) ≃ 1/2 at the Kosterlitz–Thouless transition temperature. The thermal exponent η ε ( T ) is also computed and we give some evidence that it keeps a constant value in agreement with the marginality condition of the temperature field below the KT transition.
We study the aging of the two-dimensional fully-frustrated Ising and threestate Potts models by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The system is initially prepared at infinite temperature and then quenched either at its critical temperature or in the low-temperature phase for the three-state Potts model. Autocorrelation and response functions are shown to satisfy the scaling behavior conjectured for aging ferromagnets if one assumes the existence of logarithmic corrections. The dynamical and autocorrelation exponents are compatible with � = d and z = 2 for the Ising model and probably the threestate Potts model both at and below Tc. The fluctuation-dissipation ratio goes asymptotically to different non-trivial values at Tc and does not vanish below Tc.