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arXiv:0905.3102

Plasmon-induced photonic switching in a metamaterial

Hui Xu, Byoung Seung HAM

Published May 19, 2009• 1 citation
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Abstract

Using light-induced localized surface plasmon interactions in a metamaterial, we present a plasmonic control of light absorption for photonic switching. We discuss that the present surface plasmon-induced photonic switching is comparable with coherence swapping in a tripod optical system based on electromagnetically induced transparency. This outcome opens a door to active controls of the surface plasmons in a metamaterial for potential applications of nano photonics.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.0905.3102

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Using light-induced localized surface plasmon interactions in a metamaterial, we present a plasmonic control of light absorption for photonic switching. We discuss that the present surface plasmon-induced photonic switching is comparable with coherence swapping in a tripod optical system based on electromagnetically induced transparency. This outcome opens a door to active controls of the surface plasmons in a metamaterial for potential applications of nano photonics.
Optical materials exhibit significant losses over the resonance frequency of their constituent atoms and so they are practically implemented at frequencies far from resonances. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) provides a method for effective suppression of optical loss in a narrow window over the resonance, where the medium exhibits significant dispersion but at the expense of zero susceptibility. The classical or plasmonic analogs of the EIT effect are introduced and widely used in the context of electromagnetic or optical metamaterials (MMs). In another interesting phenomenon in quantum optics known as enhancement of index of refraction (EIR), the optical loss of the medium can be zero or even negative at the region of maximal susceptibility and negligible dispersion. This condition is interesting for applications where a strong electromagnetic response of the medium with negligible loss is required, such as zero- or negative-index metamaterials (MMs). Here we introduce a plasmonic analog of the EIR which allows for coherent control over the polarizability and absorption of plasmonic nanoantennas. It can open up the way for loss-compensated propagation of optical waves in zero-index to high-refractive-index plasmonic MMs. The scheme also offers an approach to all-optical switching and coherent control of transmission, diffraction, and polarization conversion properties of plasmonic nanostructures, as well as propagation properties of surface plasmon polaritons on metasurfaces.
Plasmonic electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) can be excited by a single optical field unlike EIT in atom system, since the coupling between the bright and the dark modes is inherently induced through the near-field interaction in metamaterials. As a result, the complexity of the experimental realization can be reduced significantly, while the tunability is lost inevitably.We suggest a scheme that the plasmonic EIT is possible to be actively manipulated even by the single optical field. The bright and the dark modes are selective to be either coupled or uncoupled, depending on the angle of incidence. Even though the mechanical control has the disadvantage for high-speed applications, it paves the way for active manipulation of plasmonic EIT and benefits the clarification of its origin.
We find that the magnetic plasmon resonance plays a vital role in plasmonic electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) proposed by Zhang et al. [\prl \textbf{101}, 047401 (2008)] as well as the localized surface plasmon polaritons. Based on this picture, the plasmonic EIT control through single optical field is suggested in a modified scheme for active plasmonic switching by simply adjusting the incident angle of the optical field. The tunability of plasmonic EIT in this scheme is exhibited sufficiently.
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We propose a novel mechanism for generating electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a symmetric metamaterial. The proposed metamaterial consists of double nanorod pairs, perpendicular to each other in the form of a 2-by-2 matrix. This metamaterial shows a polarization-independent EIT-like effect without breaking its symmetry. Since conventional plasmonic EIT metamaterials induce transparency in the transparent window through the coupling between the localized surface plasmon resonance modes, most of existing structures have asymmetric geometry. This limitation means the EIT-like effect can occur only under a particular linearly polarized incident light. The proposed structure, however, has a simple geometry and polarization independence, so it has the potential to be used in high sensitivity sensors and to slow light in the visible spectral range.