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arXiv:0904.3738 · Physical Review Letters

p -Wave Resonant Bose Gas: A Finite-Momentum Spinor Superfluid

Leo Radzihovsky, Sungsoo Choi

Published Aug 27, 2009• 36 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We show that a degenerate gas of two-species bosonic atoms interacting through a p-wave Feshbach resonance (as realized in, e.g., a (85)Rb -- (87)Rb mixture) exhibits a finite-momentum atomic-molecular superfluid (AMSF), sandwiched by a molecular p-wave (orbital spinor) superfluid and by an s-wave atomic superfluid at large negative and positive detunings, respectively. The magnetic field can be used to tune the modulation wave vector of the AMSF state, as well as to drive quantum phase transitions in this rich system.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.103.095302

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We show that a degenerate gas of two-species bosonic atoms interacting through a p-wave Feshbach resonance (as realized in, e.g., a (85)Rb -- (87)Rb mixture) exhibits a finite-momentum atomic-molecular superfluid (AMSF), sandwiched by a molecular p-wave (orbital spinor) superfluid and by an s-wave atomic superfluid at large negative and positive detunings, respectively. The magnetic field can be used to tune the modulation wave vector of the AMSF state, as well as to drive quantum phase transitions in this rich system.
We study a degenerate two-species gas of bosonic atoms interacting through a ppp-wave Feshbach resonance as, for example, realized in a 85{}^{85}85Rb-87{}^{87}87Rb mixture. We show that, in addition to a conventional atomic and a ppp-wave molecular spinor-1 superfluidity at large positive and negative detunings, respectively, the system generically exhibits a finite-momentum atomic-molecular superfluidity at intermediate detuning around the unitary point. We analyze the detailed nature of the corresponding phases and the associated quantum and thermal phase transitions.
We present a theoretical study of finite momentum states in the context of degenerate gases and iron-based magnet. The unifying theme of these seemingly disparate states of condensed matter is the finite momentum of their respective grounds states and the associated enhanced fluctuations. For the degenerate atomic gases, we study in the first part of the thesis a system of two species of bosonic atoms interacting through a p-wave Feshbach resonance as realized in Rubidium-85/ Rubidium-87 mixture. In mapping out the phase diagram, we show that the system exhibits atomic (ASF), molecular (MSF) and atomic-molecular (AMSF) superfluid phases, where atoms, molecules, and atoms and molecules Bose condense, respectively. The ASF and MSF states are respectively characterized by a nonzero s-wave atomic and p-wave (orbital) spinor molecular condensates. The AMSF is distinguished by the presence of both of these condensates, with the s-wave atomic condensate component necessarily periodically modulated at a wavevector that is tunable with a magnetic field; that is, generically AMSF is a robust supersolid, that simultaneously breaks spatial translational and gauge symmetries. We explore the rich phenomenology of these phases and phase transitions between them, that we find to be strongly influenced by the quantum and thermal fluctuations. In the second part of the thesis, we study magnetism in Fe1+yTe, a parent compound of the iron-based high-temperature superconductors. Motivated by earlier studies that have provided evidences of finite momentum spiral states in these materials, we show that a spin-1 exchange model, supplemented by a single-ion anisotropy accounts well for the experimentally observed mag- netic phase diagram, that prominently exhibits commensurate bi-collinear and incommensurate spin-spiral orders with the associated low-energy spin-wave spectra. We derive the low energy hy- drodynamic models for these magnetic states and use it to describe the magneto-structural and commensurate-incommensurate transitions, and the static and dynamic structure functions across temperature - Fe doping phase diagram.
Motivated by recent advances in orbitally tuned Feshbach resonance experiments, we analyze the ground-state phase diagram and related low-energy excitation spectra of a d-wave interacting Bose gas. A two-channel model with d-wave symmetric interactions and background s-wave interactions is adopted to characterize the gas. The ground state is found to have three interesting superfluid phases: atomic, molecular, and atomic–molecular. In great contrast to what was previously known about the p-wave case, the atomic superfluid is found to be momentum-independent for the d-wave case discussed here. The Bogoliubov spectra above each superfluid phase are obtained both analytically and numerically.
We map out the detuning-magnetization phase diagram for a magnetized (unequal number of atoms in two pairing hyperfine states) gas of fermionic atoms interacting via an s-wave Feshbach resonance (FR). The phase diagram is dominated by the coexistence of a magnetized normal gas and a singlet-paired superfluid with the latter exhibiting a BCS-Bose Einstein condensate crossover with reduced FR detuning. On the BCS side of strongly overlapping Cooper pairs, a sliver of finite-momentum paired Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov magnetized phase intervenes between the phase-separated and normal states. In contrast, for large negative detuning a uniform, polarized superfluid, that is, a coherent mixture of singlet Bose-Einstein-condensed molecules and fully magnetized single-species Fermi sea, is a stable ground state.
The topic of the present lecture notes are two-species quantum mixtures composed of a deeply degenerate Fermi gas and a second component, the latter being fermionic or bosonic. A key ingredient is the possibility to tune the sss-wave interaction between the different species by means of magnetically controlled Feshbach resonances, which allow us to investigate regimes of strong interactions. In two case studies, we review our experiments on mixtures of 6^66Li fermions with fermionic 40^{40}40K or bosonic 41^{41}41K atoms and on mixtures of fermionic 161^{161}161Dy with 40^{40}40K atoms. We cover various topics of fermionic quantum many-body physics, ranging from impurity physics and quasiparticles over phase separation to the formation of ultracold molecules and progress towards novel superfluids.
We study bosonic atoms near a Feshbach resonance and predict that, in addition to standard normal and atomic superfluid phases, this system generically exhibits a distinct phase of matter: a molecular superfluid, where molecules are superfluid while atoms are not. We explore zero- and finite-temperature properties of the molecular superfluid (a bosonic, strong-coupling analog of a BCS superconductor), and study quantum and classical phase transitions between the normal, molecular superfluid, and atomic superfluid states.