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arXiv:0904.0379 · Physical Review Letters

Path-Integral Action of a Particle in the Noncommutative Plane

Sunandan Gangopadhyay, Frederik G. Scholtz

Published Jun 18, 2009• 67 citations
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Abstract

Noncommutative quantum mechanics can be viewed as a quantum system represented in the space of Hilbert-Schmidt operators acting on noncommutative configuration space. Taking this as a departure point, we formulate a coherent state approach to the path-integral representation of the transition amplitude. From this we derive an action for a particle moving in the noncommutative plane and in the presence of an arbitrary potential. We find that this action is nonlocal in time. However, this nonlocality can be removed by introducing an auxilary field, which leads to a second class constrained system that yields the noncommutative Heisenberg algebra upon quantization. Using this action, the propagator of the free particle and harmonic oscillator are computed explicitly.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.102.241602

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Noncommutative quantum mechanics can be viewed as a quantum system represented in the space of Hilbert-Schmidt operators acting on noncommutative configuration space. Taking this as a departure point, we formulate a coherent state approach to the path-integral representation of the transition amplitude. From this we derive an action for a particle moving in the noncommutative plane and in the presence of an arbitrary potential. We find that this action is nonlocal in time. However, this nonlocality can be removed by introducing an auxilary field, which leads to a second class constrained system that yields the noncommutative Heisenberg algebra upon quantization. Using this action, the propagator of the free particle and harmonic oscillator are computed explicitly.
In this paper we construct a path integral formulation of quantum mechanics on noncommutative phase-space. We first map the system to an equivalent system on the noncommutative plane. Then by applying the formalism of representing a quantum system in the space of Hilbert-Schmidt operators acting on noncommutative configuration space, the path integral action of a particle is derived. It is observed that the action has a similar form to that of a particle in a magnetic field in the noncommutative plane. From this action the energy spectrum is obtained for the free particle and the harmonic-oscillator potential. We also show that the nonlocal nature (in time) of the action yields a second-class constrained system from which the noncommutative Heisenberg algebra can be recovered.
The formulation of noncommutative quantum mechanics as a quantum system represented in the space of Hilbert-Schmidt operators is used to systematically derive, using the standard time slicing procedure, the path integral action for a particle moving in the noncommutative plane and in the presence of a magnetic field and an arbitrary potential. Using this action, the equation of motion and the ground state energy for the partcle are obtained explicitly. The Aharonov-Bohm phase is derived using a variety of methods and several dualities between this system and other commutative and noncommutative systems are demonstrated. Finally, the equivalence of the path integral formulation with the noncommutative Schrödinger equation is also established.
Inspired by a recent work that proposes using coherent states to evaluate the Feynman kernel in noncommutative space, we provide an independent formulation of the path-integral approach for quantum mechanics on the Moyal plane, with the transition amplitude defined between two coherent states of mean position coordinates. In our approach, we invoke solely a representation of the noncommutative algebra in terms of commutative variables. The kernel expression for a general Hamiltonian was found to contain Gaussian-like damping terms, and it is non-perturbative in the sense that it does not reduce to the commutative theory in the limit of vanishing θ—the noncommutative parameter. As an example, we studied the free particle's propagator which turned out to be oscillating with period being the product of its mass and θ. Further, it satisfies the Pauli equation for a charged particle with its spin aligned to a constant, orthogonal B field in the ordinary Landau problem, thus providing an interesting evidence of how noncommutativity can induce spin-like effects at the quantum mechanical level.
Extension of Feynman's path integral to quantum mechanics of noncommuting spatial coordinates is considered. The corresponding formalism for noncommutative classical dynamics related to quadratic Lagrangians (Hamiltonians) is formulated. Our approach is based on the fact that a quantum-mechanical system with a noncommutative configuration space may be regarded as another effective system with commuting spatial coordinates. Since path integral for quadratic Lagrangians is exactly solvable and a general formula for probability amplitude exists, we restricted our research to this class of Lagrangians. We found general relation between quadratic Lagrangians in their commutative and noncommutative regimes. The corresponding noncommutative path integral is presented. This method is illustrated by two quantum-mechanical systems in the noncommutative plane: a particle in a constant field and a harmonic oscillator.
As an alternative formulation of quantum mechanics, path integral is based on the notion of transition amplitude which gives the wave function of a quantum system at a time t f by acting on the wave function at an earlier time ti.We show that for a general quadratic form for the Lagrangian of the system, transition amplitude has the form f (t f -ti)e i h S class., where S class. is the classical action.We then present an algebraic method to evaluate the function f (t f -ti) without refereing to the path integral calculations.We examine the presented method to the cases of free particle and harmonic oscillator and obtain their propagators.