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arXiv:0902.4498 · Physical Review A

Quantum repeaters free of polarization disturbance and phase noise

Zhen−Qiang Yin, Yibo Zhao, Yong Yang, Zheng‐Fu Han, Guang‐Can Guo

Published Apr 7, 2009• 15 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Original quantum repeater protocols based on the single-photon interference suffer from the phase noise of the channel, which makes the long-distance quantum communication infeasible. Fortunately, two-photon interferencelike quantum repeaters can be immune to the phase noise of the channel. However, this type of quantum repeaters may still suffer from polarization disturbance of the channel. Here we propose a quantum repeaters protocol, which is free of the polarization disturbance of the channel based on the invariance of the antisymmetric Bell state $|{\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}⟩=(|H⟩|V⟩\ensuremath{-}|V⟩|H⟩)/\sqrt{2}$ under collective noise. Our protocol is also immune to the phase noise with the Sagnac interferometer configuration. Through single-atom cavity-QED technology and linear optics, this scheme can be implemented easily.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.79.044302

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Original quantum repeater protocols based on the single-photon interference suffer from the phase noise of the channel, which makes the long-distance quantum communication infeasible. Fortunately, two-photon interferencelike quantum repeaters can be immune to the phase noise of the channel. However, this type of quantum repeaters may still suffer from polarization disturbance of the channel. Here we propose a quantum repeaters protocol, which is free of the polarization disturbance of the channel based on the invariance of the antisymmetric Bell state ∣\ensuremathψ\ensuremath−⟩=(∣H⟩∣V⟩\ensuremath−∣V⟩∣H⟩)/2|{\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}⟩=(|H⟩|V⟩\ensuremath{-}|V⟩|H⟩)/\sqrt{2}∣\ensuremathψ\ensuremath−⟩=(∣H⟩∣V⟩\ensuremath−∣V⟩∣H⟩)/2​ under collective noise. Our protocol is also immune to the phase noise with the Sagnac interferometer configuration. Through single-atom cavity-QED technology and linear optics, this scheme can be implemented easily.
We present a quantum repeater architecture based on atomic ensembles, which is free of polarization and phase noise. With only simple optical elements, we can obtain the uncorrupted entanglement in the noisy channel. Even if the channel suffers from the general polarization and phase noise, the fidelity of transmitted qubits in our protocol can be stable and have no dependence on the noise parameter, which is a significant advantage compared with previous protocols. Moveover, we can even improve the fidelity by using time delayers. The proposed quantum repeater is feasible and useful in the long-distance quantum entanglement distribution and may be promising in other quantum-information applications.
Quantum repeater is one of the important building blocks for long distance quantum communication network. The previous quantum repeaters based on atomic ensembles and linear optical elements can only be performed with a maximal success probability of 1/2 during the entanglement creation and entanglement swapping procedures. Meanwhile, the polarization noise during the entanglement distribution process is harmful to the entangled channel created. Here we introduce a general interface between a polarized photon and an atomic ensemble trapped in a single-sided optical cavity, and with which we propose a high-efficiency quantum repeater protocol in which the robust entanglement distribution is accomplished by the stable spatial-temporal entanglement and it can in principle create the deterministic entanglement between neighboring atomic ensembles in a heralded way as a result of cavity quantum electrodynamics. Meanwhile, the simplified parity-check gate makes the entanglement swapping be completed with unity efficiency, other than 1/2 with linear optics. We detail the performance of our protocol with current experimental parameters and show its robustness to the imperfections, i.e., detuning and coupling variation, involved in the reflection process. These good features make it a useful building block in long distance quantum communication.
Quantum repeaters hold the promise to prevent the photon losses in communication channels. Most recently, the serious efforts have been applied to achieve scalable distribution of entanglement over long distances. However, the probabilistic nature of entanglement generation and realistic quantum memory storage times make the implementation of quantum repeaters an outstanding experimental challenge. We propose a quantum repeater protocol based on the deterministic storage of a single photon in atomic ensembles confined in distant high-finesse cavities and show that this system is capable of distributing the entanglement over long distances with a much higher rate as compared to previous protocols, thereby alleviating the limitations on the quantum memory lifetime by several orders of magnitude. Our scheme is robust with respect to phase fluctuations in the quantum channel, while the fidelity imperfection is fixed and negligibly small at each step of entanglement swapping.
We present an efficient quantum repeater protocol that uses coupled systems of quantum-dot spins and optical microcavities, in which the spatial entanglement of a photon system can be converted into polarization entanglement of electron spins. The bit-flip and phase-flip errors on the polarization state of each qubit caused by noisy channels can be rejected, without resorting to additional qubits. Two remote parties can obtain the maximally entangled electron-spin state and store it deterministically after the transmission of photons, independent of the noise parameters. The transmission distance of photons will not be limited by the coherence time of memory units in the present protocol, unlike the previous atomic-ensemble-based quantum repeater protocols, and it can be applied directly in long-distance quantum-communication protocols.