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arXiv:0902.1450

Unconventional pairing phases in the two-dimensional attractive Hubbard model with population imbalance

Stefan Rombouts

Published Feb 9, 2009• 0 citations
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Abstract

The ground state phase diagram of the two-dimensional attractive Hubbard model with population imbalance is explored using a mean field ansatz. A linear programming algorithm is used to identify the blocked states, such that the population imbalance can be imposed exactly. This allows to explore regions of the number-projected phase diagram that can not be obtained with the conventional Bogoliubov-de Gennes ansatz. The Fulde-Ferrel-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phase of pairs with non-zero momentum is found to be the ground state over a wide range of parameters, while phase separation occurs only in a limited region at small population imbalance. Through a particle-hole transformation these results can be related to the underdoped repulsive Hubbard model, where the FFLO phase takes the form of a particle-hole condensate that exhibits a spontaneous restoration of spin symmetry.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.0902.1450

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The ground state phase diagram of the two-dimensional attractive Hubbard model with population imbalance is explored using a mean field ansatz. A linear programming algorithm is used to identify the blocked states, such that the population imbalance can be imposed exactly. This allows to explore regions of the number-projected phase diagram that can not be obtained with the conventional Bogoliubov-de Gennes ansatz. The Fulde-Ferrel-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phase of pairs with non-zero momentum is found to be the ground state over a wide range of parameters, while phase separation occurs only in a limited region at small population imbalance. Through a particle-hole transformation these results can be related to the underdoped repulsive Hubbard model, where the FFLO phase takes the form of a particle-hole condensate that exhibits a spontaneous restoration of spin symmetry.
The ground-state phase diagram of attractively interacting Fermi gases in two dimensions with a population imbalance is investigated. We find the regime of stability for the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phase, in which pairing occurs at a finite wave vector, and determine the magnitude of the pairing amplitude $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$ and FFLO wave vector qqq in the ordered phase, finding that $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$ can be of the order of the two-body binding energy. Our results rely on a careful analysis of the zero-temperature gap equation for the FFLO state, which possesses nonanalyticities as a function of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$ and qqq, invalidating a Ginzburg-Landau expansion in small $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$.
With a recently developed time-evolving block decimation algorithm, we numerically study the ground-state quantum phase diagram of Fermi mixtures with attractive interspecies interactions loaded in one-dimensional optical lattices. For our study, we adopt a general asymmetric Hubbard model with species-dependent tunneling rates to incorporate the possibility of mass imbalance in the mixtures. We find clear signatures for the existence of a Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phase in this model in the presence of population imbalance. Our simulation also reveals that in the presence of mass imbalance, the parameter space for FFLO states shrinks or even completely vanishes depending on the strength of the attractive interaction and the degree of mass imbalance.
We study the superconducting properties of population-imbalanced ultracold Fermi mixtures in one-dimensional optical lattices that can be effectively described by the spin-imbalanced attractive Hubbard model in the presence of a Zeeman magnetic field. We use the mean-field theory approach to obtain the ground-state phase diagrams including some unconventional superconducting phases such as the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phase, and the $\ensuremath{\eta}$ phase (an extremal case of the FFLO phase), both for the case of a fixed chemical potential and for a fixed number of particles. It allows us to determine optimal regimes for the FFLO phase as well as $\ensuremath{\eta}$-pairing stability. We also investigate the evolution from the weak coupling (BCS-like limit) to the strong coupling limit of tightly bound local pairs (BEC) with increasing attraction, at T=0T=0T=0. Finally, the obtained results show that in spite of the occurrence of the Lifshitz transition induced by an external magnetic field, the superconducting state can still exist in the system, at higher magnetic field values.
We study superconducting properties of population-imbalanced ultracold Fermi mixtures in the honeycomb lattice that can be effectively described by the spin-imbalanced attractive Hubbard model in the presence of a Zeeman magnetic field. We use the mean-field theory approach to obtain ground-state phase diagrams including the unconventional Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phase, which is characterized by atypical behavior of the Cooper-pair total momentum. We show that the momentum changes its value as well as direction with a change of the system parameters. We discuss the influence of Van Hove singularities on the possibility of the reentrant FFLO phase occurrence, without a BCS precursor.
We study sss-wave superconductivity in the two-dimensional attractive Hubbard model in an applied magnetic field, assume the extreme Pauli limit, and examine the role of spatial fluctuations in the coupling regime corresponding to BCS-BEC crossover. We use a decomposition of the interaction in terms of an auxiliary pairing field, retain the static mode, and sample the pairing field via a Monte Carlo approach. The method requires iterative solution of the Bogoliubov--de-Gennes equations for amplitude- and phase-fluctuating configurations of the pairing field. We establish the full thermal phase diagram of this strong-coupling problem. At low field we observe the magnetized but homogeneous ``breached pair'' superfluid phase. It reveals that Tc{T}_{c}Tc​ scales an order of magnitude below the mean-field estimate, spontaneous inhomogeneity in the field-induced magnetization, and a strong nonmonotonicity in the temperature dependence of the low-energy density of states. We compare our results to the experimental phase diagram of the imbalanced Fermi gas at unitarity. At higher field we obtain the modulated Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phases. The thermal transition from the FFLO phases to the normal state is strongly first order. We track the fermionic momentum distribution, the density of states, and the pairing structure factor deep into the normal state. The pairing structure factor retains weak signature of finite momentum pairing to a high temperature despite the low Tc{T}_{c}Tc​ itself, while the spin-resolved density of states changes from the ``pseudogapped'' FFLO character to gapless and pseudogapped again with increasing temperature.
We investigate a one-dimensional two-component system in an optical lattice of attractive interactions under a spin-dependent external potential. Based on the density-matrix renormalization group methods, we obtain its phase diagram as a function of the external potential imbalance and the strength of the attractive interaction through the analysis on the density profiles and the momentum pair correlation functions. We find that there are three different phases in the system, a coexisted fully polarized and Fulde–Ferrell–Larkin–Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phase, a normal polarized phase, and a Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) phase. Different from the systems of spin-independent external potential, where the FFLO phase is normally favored by the attractive interactions, in the present situation, the FFLO phases are easily destroyed by the attractive interactions, leading to the normal polarized or the BCS phase.